俄罗斯在乌克兰战争中对医疗设施和人员发动了系统性攻击。根据世卫组织统计，自2022年2月俄军入侵以来，已记录3118起针对医疗机构的攻击，平均每天发生两起[1]。这一趋势在近年加剧，2024年的攻击数量较前一年增加30%，而2023年相比2022年增加20%[1]。
医疗人员和救护车成为俄军有意针对的目标。救护车遭受的攻击占乌克兰医疗系统攻击总数的20%[1]。医无国界组织指出，俄罗斯系统性地且经常有意地针对乌克兰医疗设施[1]。俄军采用"双击"战术，在同一地点短时间内进行两次攻击，第一视角（FPV）无人机攻击几乎总是有意的，因为操作员可以通过实时摄像头画面看到目标[1]。这些攻击违反了《日内瓦公约》相关规定。
受到持续打击，医疗机构被迫后撤。流动诊所已从前线附近5至8公里处撤至30公里外，且这一距离仍在扩大[1]。医无国界组织在过去18个月内停止了对前线附近约80个村庄的定期访问[1]。世卫组织代表哈比希特表示，"这是一种不应该存在的新常态"[1]，导致前线周边平民无法获得必要的医疗服务。
Russian forces have systematically attacked medical facilities, ambulances, and healthcare workers throughout Ukraine using drones and missiles since the 2022 invasion.[1] The World Health Organization has documented 3,118 attacks on medical institutions since February 2022, with an average of two incidents occurring daily.[1] The frequency of these assaults has escalated significantly, increasing by 20 percent in the previous year and by 30 percent in 2024.[1]
Medical personnel and ambulances have become deliberate targets, with attacks on ambulances representing 20 percent of all assaults on Ukraine's medical system.[1] Russian forces employ a "double-tap" tactic, conducting two consecutive strikes at the same location within a short timeframe.[1] First-person view (FPV) drone attacks are almost invariably intentional, as operators can observe real-time camera feeds during strikes.[1] According to Doctors Without Borders, Russia systematically and frequently targets Ukrainian medical facilities with deliberate intent.[1]
The attacks have severely disrupted healthcare delivery in frontline areas. Mobile clinics have been forced to relocate from positions 5-8 kilometers from the front lines to distances of 30 kilometers away, with this withdrawal continuing to expand.[1] Doctors Without Borders has ceased regular visits to approximately 80 villages near the front lines over the past 18 months.[1] A WHO representative stated that "this is a new normal that should not exist,"[1] highlighting the violation of Geneva Convention protections for medical personnel and facilities in armed conflict.