一项针对超过46万美国成年人的大规模研究发现，将饮食中10%的超加工食品替换为最小化加工食品，与结肠癌发病率下降2%相关联1。这项名为NIH-AARP饮食与健康研究的项目纳入了年龄在50至71岁的参与者，在超过20年的跟踪期间记录了逾1万例结肠癌诊断病例1。
研究利用Nova食品分类系统对食品进行分类，揭示了不同饮食成分与结肠癌风险的具体关系1。摄入加工肉制品（如热狗）与更高的结肠癌发病率相关，而全谷物、纤维、乳制品和钙的摄入则与更低风险相关联1。此外，冷冻甜点和酸奶等乳制品的摄入，以及早餐谷物和面包的摄入，也与结肠癌发病率的下降相关联1。
A large-scale study of more than 460,000 American adults found that substituting just 10% of ultra-processed food consumption with minimally processed foods was linked to a 2% reduction in colorectal cancer incidence 1. The research, which tracked participants aged 50 to 71 over more than two decades, identified more than 10,000 colorectal cancer cases during the follow-up period 1.
The analysis revealed specific dietary patterns associated with cancer risk 1. Consumption of processed meats such as hot dogs showed a connection to higher colorectal cancer rates, while intake of whole grains, fiber, dairy products, and calcium was associated with lower risk 1. Additionally, consumption of frozen desserts and dairy products including yogurt, as well as breakfast cereals and bread, correlated with reduced colorectal cancer incidence 1. The study employed the Nova food classification system to categorize foods by their level of processing 1.
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