美国神经学会发表在《神经学》杂志上的研究发现，高摄入人工甜味剂与认知能力衰退速度加快存在关联1。这项针对近13000名巴西成年人的长期追踪研究历时约8年，覆盖平均年龄52岁的受试者1。研究显示，每天摄入甜味剂最多者（平均191毫克）的认知衰退速度比摄入最少者（平均20毫克）快62%，相当于额外衰老1.6年；中等摄入组的衰退速度则比最低摄入组快35%，相当于额外衰老1.3年1。
研究人员发现这种关联在60岁以下人群中表现更为显著，而60岁以上人群未观察到相同的关联模式1。阿斯巴甜、糖精、乙酰磺胺酸钾、赤藓糖醇、山梨糖醇和木糖醇这六种甜味剂都与认知能力衰退相关1。研究作者克劳迪亚·基美·苏埃莫托博士表示："无热量甜味剂常被视为糖的健康替代品，但我们的发现表明某些甜味剂可能对长期脑健康有负面影响"1。研究人员强调这是观察性研究，需要进一步的研究来证实因果关系1。
A study published in Neurology by the American Academy of Neurology found that high consumption of artificial sweeteners is associated with accelerated decline in memory and thinking abilities 1. Researchers tracked nearly 13,000 Brazilian adults over approximately eight years, with an average age of 52 years at enrollment 1. Those consuming the highest amounts of sweeteners—averaging 191 milligrams daily—experienced cognitive decline 62% faster than those with the lowest intake of approximately 20 milligrams per day, equivalent to an additional 1.6 years of brain aging 1. Moderate consumers showed a 35% faster rate of decline, corresponding to 1.3 years of additional aging 1.
The association proved particularly pronounced among participants under 60 years old, while no similar relationship was observed in those 60 and older 1. Six sweeteners showed correlation with cognitive decline: aspartame, saccharin, potassium acesulfame, erythritol, sorbitol, and xylitol 1. Dr. Claudia Kimie Suemoto, one of the study authors, noted that "zero-calorie sweeteners are often viewed as a healthy alternative to sugar, but our findings suggest that certain sweeteners may have negative long-term effects on brain health" 1. The researchers emphasized this is an observational study and that further research is needed to establish causation 1. The work was supported by Brazil's Ministry of Health, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development 1.
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