博世中国总裁徐大全近日表示，2021年至2022年的汽车芯片短缺期反而成为了中国汽车产业链财务最健康的时期1。在这段期间，博世在中国一度只能交付30%至40%的订单，但正因为供给受限避免了恶性价格战，整个行业得以维持较为合理的利润空间1。
相比之下，当前汽车产业面临更为复杂的挑战1。存储芯片、PCB等原材料成本涨幅高达40%，而零部件行业平均利润率仅为3%至6%，原材料价格上升足以抹平全年利润1。行业利润率持续下滑，去年平均为4.1%，今年一季度已下降至3.2%1。与此同时，车企持续压价成为新常态，2025年常规客户年降普遍在8%至10%，部分客户更是要求降价10%至25%1。
博世自身的经营状况反映了行业困境1。去年博世中国区营收达1498亿元，增长4.9%，但EBIT利润率仅为2%，今年期待能够回到4%至6%之间1。长安汽车因严格执行60天账期导致账面现金减少180亿元，但平均账期实际仍不止60天，这也反映出产业链现金流压力1。
徐大全呼吁行业回归价值竞争，建立合理的利润机制与付款账期1。他同时建议中国车企在出海时借鉴丰田模式，注重本地化运营而非单纯输出国内的价格战策略1。博世中国占全球销售额20%，新产品新技术以中国为中心研发，中国市场的健康发展对整个集团战略至关重要1。
Xu Daquan, president of Bosch China, argues that the automotive chip shortages of 2021 to 2022 paradoxically represented the financially healthiest period for China's auto supply chain 1. During that crisis, Bosch could only fulfill 30% to 40% of orders in China, yet the constrained supply prevented destructive price wars that have since ravaged the sector 1.
The industry now faces mounting pressures that have eroded profitability dramatically 1. Raw material costs for components like storage chips and printed circuit boards surged by as much as 40%, while the average profit margin for parts suppliers stands at merely 3% to 6% — levels insufficient to absorb such increases 1. Annual price reductions demanded by customers have intensified, with standard year-on-year cuts now ranging from 8% to 10% in 2025, while some buyers are pushing for discounts of 10% to 25% in the current year 1.
The squeeze is evident in industry-wide metrics 1. The average sector profit margin fell from 4.1% last year to 3.2% in the first quarter of this year 1. Bosch China's own EBIT margin dropped to 2% last year, though the company aims to return to the 4% to 6% range this year 1. Despite these challenges, Bosch China achieved 1.498 trillion yuan in revenue last year, representing 4.9% growth, and accounts for 20% of Bosch's global sales, with new products and technologies increasingly centered on the Chinese market for development 1.
Payment terms add another layer of strain on the supply chain 1. Long Chang Automobile's strict enforcement of 60-day payment cycles reduced its cash position by 18 billion yuan on the books, yet average payment periods across the industry still exceed 60 days 1.
Xu calls for the industry to shift toward value-based competition and establish reasonable profit mechanisms paired with sustainable payment terms 1. He also recommends that Chinese automakers adopting the export strategy study Toyota's approach, prioritizing local market adaptation rather than transplanting domestic price-war tactics into overseas markets 1.
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