研究表明使用激素替代疗法的女性患痴呆症风险较低

英国一项追踪了183,450名绝经后女性、平均随访13年的研究发现，使用激素替代疗法（HRT）与痴呆症风险降低存在关联1。在研究期间共发现近4000例痴呆症病例，结果显示，与非使用者相比，HRT使用者患任何类型痴呆症的可能性降低了10%，被诊断为阿尔茨海默病的可能性降低了16%1。该研究由东英吉利大学诺里奇健康老龄化研究所所长安妮-玛丽·米诺（Anne-Marie Minihane）教授领导，相关成果已发表在《阿尔茨海默病与痴呆症》（Alzheimer's & Dementia）期刊上1。

研究还揭示了特定群体中更为显著的风险降低关联1。经历手术绝经的女性在使用HRT后，患任何类型痴呆症的风险降低了26%；而自然雌激素暴露较低的女性使用该疗法，其任何类型痴呆症风险降低了16%1。此外，携带Apoe4基因变异的女性在使用HRT时，其与痴呆症风险降低的关联更为强烈1。不过，研究人员强调，这些发现属于观察性研究结果，不能证明HRT与痴呆症风险降低之间存在因果关系1。阿尔茨海默病研究英国（Alzheimer's Research UK）研究与伙伴关系执行主任为苏珊·科尔哈斯（Susan Kohlhaas）博士1。

A UK study tracking more than 180,000 postmenopausal women suggests that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use is associated with a lower risk of dementia 1. Scientists tracked 183,450 postmenopausal women over an average of 13 years and identified almost 4,000 cases of dementia during the study period 1. The results showed that HRT users were 10% less likely to develop any type of dementia and 16% less likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's compared with non-users 1.

The greatest reduction in risk was seen in women using HRT who underwent surgical menopause, who had a 26% lower risk of developing any type of dementia compared with non-users 1. The associations between HRT use and dementia were stronger in women who carried the Apoe4 gene variant 1. Furthermore, women with naturally lower oestrogen exposure had a 16% lower risk of any type of dementia when using HRT 1. The findings were published in the journal Alzheimer's & Dementia 1. The study was led by Professor Anne-Marie Minihane, director of the Norwich Institute for Healthy Ageing at the University of East Anglia 1. Researchers caution that the findings are observational and cannot prove causation 1. Dr Susan Kohlhaas is the executive director of research and partnerships at Alzheimer's Research UK 1.