亚利桑那州在接纳大型科技基础设施时呈现出鲜明的反差，当地对带来巨额投资与就业的台积电晶圆厂持欢迎态度，却对以 Beale Infrastructure 为代表的超大规模数据中心项目发起了跨党派抗议 1。尽管台积电亚利桑那厂区每日消耗约475万至500万加仑市政用水用于制造超纯水，但其预计总投资从120亿美元激增至265亿美元，被视为美国历史上最大的外国直接投资之一，且通过回收设施实现了较高的水利用率 1。相比之下，位于图森的“Project Blue”数据中心由Beale Infrastructure开发，计划占地290英亩、功率600兆瓦，预计提供3000个临时建设岗位和200个永久岗位，并产生1.52亿美元税收 1。反对者指出，若加上另一拟建项目，这些数据中心将成为图森电力公司（TEP）的最大客户，年耗水量超过四个高尔夫球场 1。由于巨大的耗水量及缺乏永久性就业承诺，该项目引发了包括“无沙漠数据中心联盟”在内的广泛反对 1。
这一资源争夺背景下的矛盾在地方政治层面表现尤为激烈，图森市议会曾一致投票否决 Project Blue 所需的土地兼并，但开发商随后宣布不再依赖该条款并继续推进建设 1。与此同时，Marana镇议会不顾居民反对，投票通过了Beale Infrastructure的重新分区申请，认为该项目将在未来十年带来4.07亿美元的税收 1。然而，关于Beale Infrastructure两个亚利桑那项目的总成本存在巨大争议，开发商声称是86亿美元，而批评者指出高达1200亿美元 1。此外，据报亚马逊网络服务（AWS）因该数据中心改为风冷系统后无法满足需求而退出了Project Blue项目 1。
亚利桑那州正面临科罗拉多河配额近30%的流失，这加剧了公众对新增高耗水工业项目的焦虑 1。在这种水资源紧张的情境下，有观点指出传统农业如苜蓿种植才是用水大户，例如Fondomonte公司在2023年消耗了110亿加仑地下水，远超数据中心获批的建设用水配额 1。这一冲突揭示了AI产业扩张背后对稀缺水资源、电力供应及生态环境的深层压力，以及地方政府在经济发展与社区可持续性之间面临的艰难抉择 1。
The state of Arizona presents a stark contrast in its reception of high-resource technology sectors, welcoming semiconductor manufacturing while resisting the expansion of hyperscale data centers. 1 TSMC’s wafer fab operations are projected to involve total investments escalating from $12 billion to $26.5 billion, touted as one of the largest foreign direct investments in U.S. history. 1 This facility consumes approximately 4.75 million to 5 million gallons of municipal water daily to produce ultrapure water for manufacturing, yet it remains popular due to significant job creation and economic revitalization, aided by recycling facilities that ensure high water utilization rates. 1 Conversely, new data center projects driven by developers like Beale Infrastructure have sparked bipartisan protests, led by groups such as the No Desert Data Center Coalition, over concerns regarding massive water consumption and a lack of permanent employment commitments. 1
In Tucson, the "Project Blue" data center developed by Beale Infrastructure plans to occupy 290 acres with a power capacity of 600 megawatts, generating an estimated $152 million in tax revenue, 3,000 temporary construction jobs, and only 200 permanent positions. 1 Opponents argue that when combined with other proposed projects, these data centers would become Tucson Electric Power’s (TEP) largest customers, consuming more than four golf courses' worth of water annually. 1 The Tucson City Council unanimously voted to reject the land annexation required for Project Blue; however, the developer subsequently announced it would continue construction without relying on the annexation clause. 1 Additionally, Amazon Web Services (AWS) reportedly withdrew from the Project Blue initiative after the data center switched to air-cooled systems, which failed to meet AWS's requirements. 1
The controversy is compounded by existing water scarcity issues, as Arizona loses nearly 30% of its Colorado River allocation, heightening anxiety over new high-consumption industrial projects. 1 Critics note that local agriculture, particularly alfalfa cultivation by companies like Fondomonte—which consumed 11 billion gallons of groundwater in 2023—is already a major water user, far exceeding the quotas approved for data center construction. 1 Disputes also surround the financial scale of the development, with Beale Infrastructure citing an $8.6 billion cost for its two Arizona projects, while critics claim the figure could reach $120 billion. 1 Despite resident opposition, the Marana Town Council approved a rezoning application for Beale Infrastructure, anticipating $407 million in tax revenue over ten years. 1
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