拒绝敏感性失调（RSD）虽然不属于正式诊断范畴，但在天才儿童和二次杰出儿童中构成真实的心理体验1。医学研究表明，在接受调查的患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的青少年和成人中，大多数认可自身经历过拒绝敏感性，其中三分之一将其列为最严重的症状1。心理学家艾琳·亚伦的研究发现，约15至20%的人口具有高敏感性特质1。
拒绝敏感性在这一群体中的根源与多重心理机制相关联。天才儿童往往在早期将自身表现与个人身份紧密融合，因此学业或社交反馈经常被误读为对其自我价值的判断1。这一特征同时影响患有ADHD、自闭症、具有高敏感性特质及天才儿童等重叠人群1。
针对拒绝敏感性，教育工作者和家长可采取多项干预策略1。这些方法包括规范大脑反应、明确区分个人表现与自我价值、预先纠正误解、识别触发因素、通过小规模修复建立耐受力、扩大社交圈子、直接教导微妙差别与实际拒绝的区别，以及示范冲突后的修复方式1。当儿童出现明显的学校或社交回避、身体症状、拒学或自伤迹象时，应当寻求专业支持1。
Rejection Sensitivity Dysphoria (RSD), while not recognized as a formal diagnostic category, represents a genuine and often severe psychological experience for many individuals, particularly those in overlapping populations of giftedness, ADHD, autism, and high sensitivity.1 Research by Dr. William Dodson found that the majority of adolescents and adults with ADHD whom he surveyed acknowledged experiencing RSD, with one-third identifying it as their most serious symptom.1 The condition appears to stem from several interconnected psychological mechanisms, including the tendency of gifted children to fuse performance with identity at an early age, whereby feedback becomes interpreted as a judgment of self-worth rather than a specific outcome.1
High sensitivity traits are present in approximately 15–20% of the general population, according to psychologist Elaine Aron's research, contributing to the vulnerability underlying rejection sensitivity in susceptible individuals.1 To address RSD in children and adolescents, clinical guidance recommends a multi-faceted approach: normalizing the brain's response patterns, deliberately separating performance from self-identity, preemptive correction, identifying personal triggers, building tolerance through micro-repairs, broadening friendship circles, explicitly teaching the distinction between subtle social cues and actual rejection, and modeling conflict resolution and repair.1 Parents and educators should seek professional support when children exhibit significant avoidance of school or social situations, physical symptoms, school refusal, or signs of self-harm.1
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