威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的研究人员发现，肠道细菌在代谢组氨酸过程中产生的分子咪唑丙酸（ImP）与阿尔茨海默病风险增加、脑蛋白异常积累和认知能力快速衰退存在关联1。该研究由Barbara Bendlin教授和Federico Rey教授领导，分析了来自威斯康星州阿尔茨海默病预防登记处和威斯康星州阿尔茨海默病研究中心近1200名参与者的血液样本1。结果显示，血液中ImP浓度较高的人认知衰退速度明显加快，其中约43%的研究参与者携带与血液中ImP水平显著升高相关的遗传变异1。
研究团队认为减少ImP可能成为预防或延缓阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆的潜在治疗策略1。Bendlin教授表示："这就像胆固醇一样，高胆固醇的人服用他汀类药物来降低心脏病风险。如果我们能找到一种抑制剂来降低血液中ImP的水平，那有望降低相当数量人群的阿尔茨海默病风险和认知衰退速度。"1该研究已发表在《自然通讯》期刊上1。
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison have identified a connection between a molecule produced by gut bacteria and elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease.1 The compound, imidazole propionate (ImP), is associated with increased Alzheimer's risk, abnormal accumulation of brain proteins, and rapid cognitive decline.1 The study, published in Nature Communications in 2026, analyzed blood samples from nearly 1,200 participants and found that individuals with higher blood concentrations of ImP exhibited significantly faster cognitive deterioration.1
The research, led by Professor Barbara Bendlin and Professor Federico Rey, reveals that approximately 43% of study participants carried genetic variations linked to notably elevated ImP levels in their blood.1 ImP is generated by gut bacteria during the metabolism of histamine.1 Participants with high ImP levels demonstrated accelerated cognitive decline compared to those with lower levels.1 The study population was drawn from the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Registry and the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Diseases Research Center.1
According to Bendlin, the findings suggest a potential therapeutic pathway: "This is like cholesterol—people with high cholesterol take statins to reduce heart disease risk. If we can find an inhibitor to lower ImP levels in the blood, it could potentially reduce Alzheimer's disease risk and slow cognitive decline in a substantial portion of the population."1 Reducing ImP levels may represent a viable strategy for preventing or delaying Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.1
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