当代科幻文学创作中，悲观主义叙事占据主导地位。1作者指出，许多科幻作品建立在反乌托邦和压制性阶级制度的基础之上，通过极端化手段来批评现实问题——从《1984》中对政府权力的警示到《寂静的春天》所表达的环保焦虑。1在这些作品中，技术频频被塑造为强化少数人统治或削弱人类能力的工具。1
然而科幻文学应当承担另一种使命。1乐观并非天真或逃避，而是呈现一个天平倾向积极进步的世界——这不同于不切实际的乌托邦幻想。1作家乌苏拉·勒古恩曾言："困难时期即将到来，我们需要那些能想象真实希望基础的作家的声音。"1这提示我们，创作能够想象积极未来可能性的科幻作品，正是展现人类进步道路的必要方式。1
Contemporary science fiction has become dominated by dystopian and oppressive visions of the future, yet the genre possesses the capacity to imagine more positive possibilities for humanity.1 Works in this tradition frequently employ extreme scenarios to critique and satirize present-day concerns, such as the depiction of government power in 1984 or environmental anxiety in Silent Spring.1 Technology, in particular, is commonly portrayed within science fiction as a tool that either concentrates extreme power in the hands of a few or strips away human agency entirely.1
However, optimism in science fiction need not be confused with naiveté or utopianism.1 Rather, optimistic science fiction tilts the balance toward worlds of genuine progress and human achievement, distinct from visions of unattainable perfection.1 As author Ursula K. Le Guin has observed, "Difficult times are coming, and we will need the voices of writers who can imagine real bases for hope."1 Crafting science fiction that demonstrates human advancement represents a necessary counterweight to prevailing narratives of decline and control.
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