伊朗对荷尔木兹海峡的封锁引发全球能源供应危机，促使波斯湾石油出口国加紧寻求替代运输路线。[1]该海峡封锁前每天运输约2000万桶石油及石油产品，占全球原油出口约20%。[1]伊朗官员坚持除非美国遵守6月框架协议并向伊朗赔偿，否则海峡将保持关闭。[1]与此同时，特朗普总统表示美国海军已控制该海峡，并进行了"全面扫雷"。[2]
沙特阿拉伯通过东西管道成功将大量原油改道至红海港口亚姆布。[1]4月至5月沙特波斯湾货运从4750万吨下降至630万吨，红海出口则从2960万吨增至5480万吨。[1]相比之下，阿联酋虽然拥有替代港口基础设施，但因靠近伊朗易受无人机和导弹攻击，加之运力限制，效果不佳。[2]同期阿联酋波斯湾海岸货运从6850万吨下降至1200万吨，替代港口货运从1370万吨降至630万吨。[1]卡塔尔、科威特和巴林因缺乏波斯湾外的海岸线而面临更大困难。[2]
长期替代方案成本高昂且耗时过长。[1]经济学家哈桑·曼苏尔估计巴士拉-亚喀巴管道需耗资80亿至100亿美元，花费5至7年建设。[1]巴士拉-阿曼连接管道的成本则为100亿至150亿美元。[1]此外，绕好望角运输每次航程还会增加数十万美元成本。[1]
Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz has disrupted one of the world's most critical energy corridors, blocking approximately 20 percent of global crude oil exports [1][2]. The blockade has forced Persian Gulf oil-producing nations to scramble for alternative shipping routes to maintain their exports and prevent a deepening global energy crisis.
Before the strait's closure, roughly 20 million barrels of oil and petroleum products flowed through daily [1][2]. Saudi Arabia has responded most effectively by redirecting substantial volumes through its East-West Pipeline to the Red Sea port of Yanbu, reducing its Persian Gulf shipments from 47.5 million tons in April-May to 6.3 million tons, while simultaneously increasing Red Sea exports from 29.6 million tons to 54.8 million tons [1][2]. The United Arab Emirates, despite possessing alternative port infrastructure, has faced less success, with Persian Gulf coastal traffic declining from 68.5 million tons to 12 million tons and alternative port traffic falling from 13.7 million tons to 6.3 million tons during the same period [1][2]. Qatar, Kuwait, and Bahrain face even greater challenges due to their lack of coastline outside the Persian Gulf [2].
Long-term solutions remain costly and time-consuming. Economist Hassan Mansour estimates that the Basra-Aqaba pipeline would require between 8 to 10 billion dollars and 5 to 7 years to construct [1][2], while the Basra-Oman connection pipeline would cost between 10 to 15 billion dollars [1]. Rerouting shipments around Cape of Good Hope adds hundreds of thousands of dollars per voyage [1]. Meanwhile, Iran has insisted that the strait will remain closed unless the United States complies with a June framework agreement and provides compensation to Iran [1][2].