全球债务规模已突破350万亿美元，约占全球国内生产总值的305%，其中公共部门债务约111万亿美元1。政府债券收益率创近20年新高，威胁全球经济和金融稳定1。疫情以来，全球债务增加了约100万亿美元，国际货币基金组织数据显示公共部门债务从74万亿美元增至超过126万亿美元1。
美国面临尤为严峻的债务压力1。10年期国债收益率从2020年疫情期间的不足60基点飙升至4.75%，较中东战争前上升81个基点1。政府债务从约26.5万亿美元膨胀至超过40万亿美元，年度利息支付账单已达1.2万亿美元且仍在上升1。美国国债市场规模31.5万亿美元，其中约三分之一今年到期需重新融资1。财政赤字约2万亿美元，占国内生产总值比重近6%1。
全球其他主要经济体同样承压1。日本10年期国债收益率创30年高位2.95%，且日本在美国国债中投资约1.1万亿美元1。财政部长斯科特·贝森特表示，管理债务的唯一途径是经济增长1。特朗普政府的贸易战、中东政策和财政支出进一步加剧了全球金融压力1。
Global debt has exceeded $350 trillion, representing approximately 305% of worldwide gross domestic product, with government bond yields reaching their highest levels in nearly two decades and threatening economic and financial stability.1 The United States 10-year Treasury yield has climbed from less than 60 basis points during the 2020 pandemic to 4.75%, a surge of 81 basis points since before Middle East conflicts erupted.1 Public sector debt alone stands at approximately $111 trillion globally, while the United States has seen its government debt balloon from roughly $26.5 trillion to more than $40 trillion.1 Since the pandemic, the world has accumulated approximately $100 trillion in additional debt, according to International Monetary Fund data indicating that public sector debt has grown from $74 trillion to over $126 trillion.1
The fiscal pressures are intensifying across developed economies. Japan's 10-year government bond yield has reached 2.95%, marking a 30-year high.1 The United States faces an annual interest payment bill of $1.2 trillion that continues rising, while the federal deficit stands at approximately $2 trillion, representing nearly 6% of GDP.1 Of the $31.5 trillion Treasury market, roughly one-third of outstanding debt matures this year and requires refinancing.1 Japan, which has invested approximately $1.1 trillion in United States government debt, is among the major stakeholders exposed to these dynamics.1 Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stated that economic growth represents the only viable pathway for managing the debt burden.1 The situation has been further complicated by the Trump administration's trade policies, Middle East strategy, and fiscal spending decisions, all of which have intensified global financial pressures.1
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