美国就业市场7月出现意外转折。[1]美国雇主在该月裁员23,000人，与市场预期的新增约100,000个就业机会形成鲜明对比。[1]虽然失业率跌至4.1%，但这一下降并非源于就业增加，而是因为264,000人退出了劳动力市场。[1]数据显示劳动力参与率跌至61.4%，创2021年2月以来最低水平。[1]
裁员主要集中在几个关键领域。[1]公立学校减少50,000个岗位，餐饮业裁员26,000人，零售业则失去19,000个职位。[1]截至8月1日当周失业救济申请人数升至199,000人，反映出劳动力市场承压。[1]6月职位空缺数量为736万个，环比下降18万个。[1]
房贷市场同时承受压力。[1]30年期固定抵押贷款利率升至6.69%，创一年多来新高，已连续第五周上升。[1]15年期固定抵押贷款利率为6.01%，环比略有下降。[1]利率上升正在对购房者的购买力造成挤压。[1]
The US labor market showed unexpected weakness in July, with employers shedding 23,000 positions rather than adding the anticipated 100,000 jobs [1]. Despite this decline, the unemployment rate fell to 4.1%, a drop driven primarily by 264,000 people exiting the labor force entirely [1]. The labor force participation rate slipped to 61.4%, marking its lowest level since February 2021 [1].
Significant job losses were concentrated in specific sectors, including 50,000 positions cut from public schools, 26,000 from food service, and 19,000 from retail [1]. The number of job openings stood at 7.36 million in June, down 180,000 from the previous month [1]. Additionally, unemployment insurance claims rose to 199,000 for the week ending August 1 [1].
The cooling labor market coincided with rising borrowing costs for homebuyers. The 30-year fixed mortgage rate climbed to 6.69%, reaching its highest level in more than a year and marking the fifth consecutive week of increases [1]. The 15-year fixed rate stood at 6.01%, showing a slight decline from the previous week [1].