哥伦比亚大学研究人员发现，抑郁症患者的海马体神经生成过程受到阻滞，新神经元的产生能力下降1。这项研究基于对来自抑郁症患者和对照组的近50万个脑细胞的分析1，相关论文已于2026年8月21日发表在《自然医学》杂志上1。由哥伦比亚大学医学院精神病学教授Maura Dupont领导的研究团队发现，这一神经生成的障碍可能削弱大脑区分新经历与痛苦记忆的能力1。
Dupont教授表示，没有创造新神经元的能力，抑郁症患者可能缺乏有效适应环境的韧性1。研究表明，抑郁症对大脑的影响远超神经生成过程本身，还涉及神经元间新连接的形成、脑细胞之间的通讯以及细胞能量供应等多个系统1。研究人员进一步识别了这些分子变化的程序，发现表观遗传学改变可能反映环境因素的影响，这些改变可被压力、学习、衰老及化学物质等生活经历所诱发1。这些发现为开发针对抑郁症的新治疗方法提供了潜在的分子靶点1。
Researchers at Columbia University have identified a critical disruption in the brains of people with depression: the hippocampus, a region essential for memory and learning, shows diminished capacity to produce new neurons.1 This impaired neurogenesis may compromise the brain's ability to distinguish between new experiences and painful memories, according to findings published on August 21, 2026, in Nature Medicine.1 The study examined nearly 500,000 brain cells from both depression patients and control subjects, revealing molecular changes that extend beyond neurogenesis alone to affect neural connectivity, intercellular communication, and cellular energy supply.1
Led by Maura Dupont, a professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Medical School, the research identifies the molecular mechanisms underlying this neurobiological dysfunction.1 As Dupont explained, "Without the ability to create new neurons, people with depression may not have the resilience to effectively adapt to the environment."1 The investigators discovered that epigenetic alterations—changes that can be influenced by stress, learning, aging, and chemical exposure—may underlie the observed suppression of neuronal regeneration in depressed individuals.1
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