一个团队通过一系列技术优化，使自己从逻辑门级别设计的自定义CPU能够在FPGA上流畅运行经典游戏《DOOM》1。
该项目基于之前成功运行该游戏的基础进行了深度改进1。团队采用了5级流水线架构，并通过实现指令缓存和数据缓存及其仲裁器来应对DDR3内存的高延迟问题1。
性能提升经历了显著进展1。初期运行帧率仅为0.7 FPS，通过将时钟频率提升至125MHz、优化取指阶段、增加乘法指令集以及调整编译器设置，最终达到了15-20 FPS的流畅水平1。
在开发过程中，团队解决了多个关键技术难题1。他们发现编译器在处理硬件定时器内存映射I/O指针时进行了不当优化，通过将其标记为volatile得以修复1。此外，DDR3初始化中的非零值问题曾导致游戏崩溃，也已被解决1。
团队表示，下一步计划引入乱序处理技术以进一步提升性能1。
A team of developers successfully optimized their custom CPU design to run Doom at playable frame rates on an FPGA platform 1. Building on previous work, the team addressed critical technical challenges including DDR3 memory latency and cache conflicts through several key improvements 1.
The custom CPU architecture features a five-stage pipeline with integrated instruction and data caches, along with an arbiter to manage DDR3 memory access 1. Initial test runs achieved only 0.7 frames per second, but systematic optimization work dramatically improved performance 1. The team increased the clock frequency to 125 MHz, refined the instruction fetch stage, expanded the instruction set to include the RV32I-ZMMUL multiplication extension, and applied compiler-level optimizations 1. These efforts culminated in frame rates of 15–20 FPS, delivering a smooth gaming experience 1.
During development, the team discovered and resolved a critical compiler optimization bug: the hardware timer memory-mapped I/O pointer had not been declared volatile, causing the compiler to incorrectly optimize away essential accesses 1. They also fixed an issue where non-zero DDR3 initialization values were crashing the game 1. Looking ahead, the team plans to introduce out-of-order execution techniques to further boost performance 1.
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