哈马斯已接受美国特朗普政府的和平路线图，同意分阶段完全解除武装[1]。根据该协议框架，以色列将分阶段撤军，并建立巴勒斯坦过渡政府[1]。然而以色列表示存在"严重的安全顾虑"，声称在哈马斯解除武装前不会撤军[1]。
停火协议的深层问题在于缺乏战争罪行的国际问责机制。加沙和平计划似乎向哈马斯领导人提供了完全赦免，但未涉及以色列国防军成员的赦免[1]。国际刑事法院在2024年对以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡、前国防部长约亚夫·加兰特和哈马斯军事指挥官穆罕默德·代夫发出逮捕令[1]。特朗普政府近期表示希望"一砖一瓦地"摧毁国际刑事法院[1]，这进一步削弱了问责的可能性。
缺乏对冲突双方领导人的司法追究将使加沙深层次的创伤和不满得不到解决，可能危害和平的持久性。历史案例表明，1998年的《耶稣受难日协议》的成功不仅在于武器解除，更在于建立了和平管理政治纠纷的机制[1]。
Hamas has agreed to completely disarm in phases under a peace roadmap proposed by the Trump administration, marking a significant step toward resolving the Gaza conflict [1]. The agreement envisions a phased weapons surrender by Hamas, Israeli military withdrawal, and the establishment of a transitional Palestinian government [1]. However, Israel has expressed "serious security concerns" and stated it will not withdraw its forces before Hamas fully disarms [1].
A critical gap in the peace plan threatens its long-term viability: the absence of accountability mechanisms for war crimes. While the proposed agreement appears to offer complete amnesty to Hamas leadership, it contains no provisions extending similar protections to Israeli Defense Force members [1]. The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants in 2024 against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, and Hamas military commander Muhammad Deif [1]. The Trump administration has recently indicated its intention to undermine the ICC, stating it wishes to destroy the institution "brick by brick" [1].
The failure to address judicial accountability for alleged violations by either side risks leaving underlying trauma and resentment unresolved, potentially undermining the prospects for lasting peace. In contrast, the 1998 Good Friday Agreement succeeded not only through weapons decommissioning but fundamentally through establishing mechanisms for managing political disputes peacefully [1].
