巴塞尔大学研究人员开发了一套理论框架，用于描述由原子和光子构成的微观量子引擎系统1。该研究表明，从腔体逃逸的光子所携带的能量并非全部应视为废热，其中部分能量仍可被利用来执行有用功1。这一框架在量子极限和半经典极限之间实现了热力学描述的一致性1。
该系统由置于两面镜之间的原子组成，激光持续向腔体提供光子1。研究发现，量子涨落可以作为一种资源被加以利用，有助于量子计量学中的精密测量1。相关研究已发表于《物理评论快报》2026年第137卷第7期1，研究团队包括Marcelo Janovitch、Sander Stammbach、Matteo Brunelli和Patrick P. Potts1。
Researchers at the University of Basel have developed a theoretical framework for describing microscopic quantum engine systems composed of atoms and photons.1 The research demonstrates that energy carried away by photons escaping from a cavity should not be automatically classified as waste heat, as portions of this energy can still be harnessed to perform useful work.1 The framework achieves a consistent thermodynamic description bridging the quantum limit and the semiclassical limit.1
The system under study consists of atoms placed between two mirrors, with a laser continuously supplying photons to the cavity.1 According to the findings, quantum fluctuations can be exploited as a resource, contributing to precision measurements in quantum metrology.1 The study was authored by Marcelo Janovitch, Sander Stammbach, Matteo Brunelli, and Patrick P. Potts, and was published in Physical Review Letters, Volume 137, Issue 7, in 2026.1
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