美国神经学会发表的一项大规模研究表明，使用仅含雌激素激素疗法的女性患痴呆症的风险降低39%，脑部阿尔茨海默病迹象降低35%1。这项研究涵盖21,462名女性参与者，其中1,953人使用激素疗法，19,509人未使用1。尸检数据进一步支持这一发现：使用激素疗法的女性中18%的脑部无阿尔茨海默病迹象，而未使用者仅为10%1。
研究人员指出，激素疗法的使用与较少的淀粉样蛋白积累和神经病理改变相关联1。参与者平均起始年龄为71岁，被随访约3至5年，激素疗法使用者平均在70岁后开始用药1。然而，研究团队强调这些发现显示的是相关性而非因果性1。
研究作者Jennifer Bruno表示："这些发现帮助我们更好地理解激素疗法使用与各种痴呆症标志物之间的关系，但在向女性提出有关这些疗法与脑部健康关系的建议之前，需要进行更多研究"1。
研究人员指出受试者使用激素疗法的时间和方式与当今医学实践不同，这也构成了研究的局限1。该研究已于2026年8月12日发表在《神经学》杂志上1。
A large-scale study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that women using estrogen-only hormone therapy had a 39% lower risk of dementia diagnosis and 35% fewer Alzheimer's disease pathological changes in the brain.1 The research analyzed data from 21,462 female participants, including 1,953 who used hormone therapy and 19,509 who did not.1 Among women who had undergone autopsy, 18% of hormone therapy users showed no signs of Alzheimer's disease in their brains, compared to only 10% of non-users.1
The study, published in Neurology on August 12, 2026, identified associations between hormone therapy use and reduced accumulation of amyloid plaques and other neuropathological changes.1 Participants were followed for approximately 3 to 5 years, with an average starting age of 71 years.1 Hormone therapy users began taking the medication at an average age of 70.1
Researchers emphasized that these findings demonstrate correlation rather than causation. Jennifer Bruno, one of the study authors, stated: "These findings help us better understand the relationship between hormone therapy use and various dementia biomarkers, but more research is needed before making recommendations to women about the relationship between these therapies and brain health."1 The study also noted a significant limitation: the timing and methods of hormone therapy use among participants differed from current medical practices.1
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