澳大利亚弗林德斯大学和堪培拉大学的研究人员发现，随着年龄增长，人体在行走时会优先保障稳定性而非效率。1该研究分析了107名年龄在26至86岁之间的健康成年人的运动数据，发现老年人倾向于同时激活踝关节周围的对抗肌肉，从而使踝关节变得僵硬。1这种"安全第一"的行走策略虽然能够提高稳定性，但代价高昂——肌肉工作更加费力，产生的向前推动力反而减少，导致步幅缩短、行走速度下降，疲劳也更容易产生。1
研究团队建议，通过定期的平衡训练、协调能力挑战和下肢力量训练等体育活动，可以帮助老年人维持活动能力。1该研究已发表于《步态》期刊2026年第128卷第110202页。1
Researchers from Flinders University and the University of Canberra have identified the physiological mechanism behind age-related changes in walking ability.1 An analysis of movement data from 107 healthy adults aged 26 to 86 found that older individuals adopt a "safety first" walking strategy, prioritizing stability over efficiency.1 This approach comes at a significant cost: while it enhances balance, it requires substantially more muscular effort and results in shorter strides, slower speeds, and faster fatigue.1
The research reveals that aging causes changes at the ankle joint level, where older adults increasingly activate opposing muscles simultaneously—a phenomenon known as co-contraction.1 This simultaneous activation of antagonistic muscles stiffens the ankle joint, reducing forward propulsive force despite the increased muscular work.1 Targeted physical interventions can help maintain mobility in later years.1 Regular exercise including balance training such as tai chi, lower limb strength training, and coordination challenges are recommended to help preserve walking capability.1
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