斯坦福大学研究人员发现，大量来自血液的免疫细胞从中年开始进入人脑，并可转化为脑部特化的免疫细胞微胶质细胞1。这一发现发表在《自然》杂志上，挑战了长期以来关于脑免疫系统与全身免疫系统基本独立的传统认知1。
研究团队利用DNA突变作为生物标记追踪了这些进入脑部的外周免疫细胞的来源1。值得注意的是，这一现象在小鼠和非人灵长类动物中并不会发生，使得人脑的这种特殊性更加引人瞩目1。论文由Julia Belk担任第一作者，Siddhartha Jaiswal担任资深作者1，研究得到了Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience的部分支持1。
Stanford University scientists have discovered that substantial numbers of immune cells migrate from the bloodstream into the human brain, a process that begins in middle age and can transform these cells into microglia, the brain's specialized immune cells.1 This finding challenges the long-held understanding that the brain's immune system operates largely independently from the body's broader immune system.1 The research was published in the journal Nature with DOI 10.1038/s41586-026-10939-0.1
The researchers employed DNA mutations as biological markers to track the origin of immune cells entering the brain.1 Notably, this infiltration process does not occur in mice and non-human primates, distinguishing humans from other commonly studied animal models.1 Julia Belk served as the first author of the study, with Siddhartha Jaiswal as the senior author.1 The research received partial support from the Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience.1
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