德国汽车工业正经历深刻调整。继宝马宣布全球裁员8000人后，大众、保时捷、梅赛德斯和奥迪等主要制造商也陆续推出大规模裁员和成本削减方案。[1]宝马此次裁员约占其154000名员工的5%，第二季度净利润同比下降35%至12亿欧元。[1]在华销售形势尤为严峻，三个月内销售额同比下滑30%，去年更创下2017年以来最低水平。[1]
大众的调整幅度更为激进。该公司计划裁员最多100000人，远超原定的50000人目标，并将关闭四家德国工厂。[1]作为全球主要汽车制造商之一，大众全球职员总数为630000人，加上中国合资企业的680000名员工，员工总规模比丰田高出约60%。[1]
其他制造商的重组计划同样深入。保时捷计划到2035年底在德国额外裁员5000人，占员工总数的五分之一。[1]梅赛德斯因中国市场竞争已减值超7亿欧元，迄今有约5500名行政、研发和IT员工接受遣散方案。[1]奥迪则计划到2029年底在德国裁员最多7500人，其内卡苏尔姆工厂可能在2030年关闭，涉及约15000名工人。[1]
这波大规模重组的背后是多重压力：中国电动车市场竞争加剧、特朗普关税政策风险以及能源成本上升。[1]
Germany's five leading automakers have announced major workforce reductions as they confront intensifying competition from Chinese electric vehicles, rising energy costs, and potential trade tariffs.[1] BMW is cutting up to 8,000 employees globally, representing approximately 5% of its 154,000-strong workforce.[1] The company's second-quarter net profit fell 35% to €1.2 billion, while revenue declined from €3.4 billion to €3.1 billion.[1] BMW's sales in China dropped 30% over a three-month period and hit their lowest level since 2017 last year.[1]
Volkswagen Group is pursuing the most aggressive restructuring, planning to cut up to 100,000 positions—nearly double its original target of 50,000—and close four German factories.[1] The company employs 630,000 globally, with an additional 680,000 through Chinese joint ventures, surpassing Toyota's workforce by roughly 60%.[1] Porsche plans an additional 5,000 layoffs in Germany by the end of 2035, affecting one-fifth of its workforce.[1] Mercedes-Benz has already seen approximately 5,500 administrative, research, and IT employees accept severance packages through March of this year, and has written down over €700 million in value due to fierce Chinese market competition.[1]
Audi will cut up to 7,500 positions in Germany by the end of 2029, and its Neckarsulm plant faces potential closure in 2030, which would impact roughly 15,000 workers.[1] These coordinated reductions reflect the sector's struggle to remain competitive amid structural shifts in the global automotive landscape.