商务部28日发布万字文件，就欧盟和美国指控中国产能过剩问题表明立场[1]。文件指出，产能过剩缺乏国际定义，出口多并不等同于产能过剩[1]。中方强调中国规模以上工业产能利用率为74.4%，处于合理区间[1]，并呼吁各国停止以产能问题为借口进行贸易保护主义[1]。
针对欧美的具体举措，欧盟对中国电动汽车实施反补贴调查并加征关税，同时依据《外国补贴条例》对中国风电企业启动深入调查[1]；美国则针对所谓产能过剩发起301调查[1]。文件通过一系列数据对比说明各国补贴普遍存在的现象：美国《通胀削减法》计划补贴7500亿美元[1]，欧盟2021至2030年补贴超过1.44万亿欧元[1]。同时，中方指出欧盟汽车顺差达922亿美元、药品顺差为2146亿美元[1]，美国芯片80%用于出口[1]，这些数据被用来论证贸易顺差的普遍性。
此外，文件还引用数据说明中国贸易的开放特征：2025年外资企业占中国出口顺差的16%[1]，中国经常账户顺差仅占GDP的约3.7%[1]。欧洲央行测算显示，欧盟从中国进口增加10%，整体进口价格能下降1.6%[1]，这一论点用以反驳产能过剩对全球经济的负面影响。
China's Ministry of Commerce released an extensive document on July 28 addressing overcapacity allegations leveled by the European Union and the United States [1]. The statement clarifies that overcapacity lacks an internationally recognized definition and argues that high export volumes do not necessarily constitute overcapacity [1]. The ministry contends that government subsidies are a widespread practice across nations, not unique to China [1].
The document presents data to support China's position, noting that the industrial capacity utilization rate for large-scale enterprises stands at 74.4%, which the ministry characterizes as being within a reasonable range [1]. China's current account surplus represents approximately 3.7% of GDP [1]. The ministry emphasizes that in 2025, foreign-invested enterprises accounted for 16% of China's export surplus [1]. Additionally, the statement references European Central Bank calculations indicating that a 10% increase in EU imports from China would reduce overall EU import prices by 1.6% [1].
The response addresses specific trade investigations and allegations: the EU has launched anti-subsidy investigations into Chinese electric vehicles and wind energy companies, while the United States has initiated a Section 301 investigation regarding alleged overcapacity [1]. The ministry contrasts these actions with substantial subsidy programs elsewhere, citing the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act's planned subsidies of 750 billion dollars and EU subsidies exceeding 1.44 trillion euros from 2021 to 2030 [1]. The statement also highlights the EU's significant trade surpluses in automobiles (92.2 billion dollars) and pharmaceuticals (214.6 billion dollars), and notes that 80% of American semiconductor production is designated for export [1].
China calls on all nations to cease using overcapacity concerns as a pretext for protectionist trade measures [1].