波兰宪法法院于7月28日一致裁定，推翻了承认在其他欧盟成员国合法登记的同性婚姻的法律[1]。该决定与欧盟最高法院2025年11月的要求相悖，后者曾要求波兰至少承认在欧盟其他地方缔结的同性婚姻[1]。波兰宪法法院以宪法第18条为由做出此决定，该条款规定"婚姻是男女之间的结合"[1]。
此前波兰政府于2025年5月实施了相关承认立法，原定于8月底生效[1]。然而这一司法裁定直接否定了该立法的效力，加剧了波兰最高法院与欧盟法院之间的权力对峙[1]。波兰目前是欧盟内仅有的四个既不允许同性婚姻也不允许同性民事结合的成员国之一，另外三个是保加利亚、罗马尼亚和斯洛伐克[1]。
Poland's Constitutional Court delivered a unanimous final ruling on July 28, 2026, rejecting the recognition of same-sex marriages registered in other European Union member states.[1] The decision overturned legislation that the Polish government had implemented in May 2025, which was scheduled to take effect by the end of August.[1]
The court's action directly contradicts a November 2025 ruling by the EU's highest court, which had required Poland to recognize same-sex marriages legally contracted elsewhere in the EU.[1] According to Poland's Constitutional Court, granting such recognition would violate Article 18 of the Polish Constitution, which defines marriage as a union between a man and a woman.[1]
Poland remains one of only four EU member states that neither permits same-sex marriage nor recognizes same-sex civil unions, alongside Bulgaria, Romania, and Slovakia.[1] Approximately 70 percent of Poland's population adheres to Roman Catholicism.[1]