中国商务部周二发布报告，对美国及西方国家关于中国产能过剩的指控进行了回应[1]。商务部政策研究室主任林伟龙表示，"美国不能狭隘地将超过国内需求的生产能力定义为产能过剩"[1]。中国总理李强在达沃斯论坛上建议，应将当前形势视为"中国机遇2.0"而非"中国冲击2.0"[1]。中方强调，美国无权单方面定义和惩罚产能过剩问题[1]。
美国方面正推进针对产能问题的调查行动。美国本周五已对包括中国在内的60个经济体实施10%-12.5%的更高关税，理由是这些国家未有效执行禁止强迫劳动商品的禁令[1]。此外，美国还在调查涉及16个经济体的产能和生产问题，预计将导致对某些国家增加关税[1]。欧盟也已在本月采取贸易行动，包括实施保护钢铁产业的措施和限制电商小包裹进口[1]。中国2024年贸易顺差创历史新高，达近1.2万亿美元[1]。
China's Ministry of Commerce released a report on Tuesday rejecting accusations from the United States and other Western nations that the country maintains excess industrial capacity.[1] The ministry characterized such criticism as a false narrative of "China Shock 2.0," arguing instead that the situation should be viewed as a "China Opportunity 2.0," according to Premier Li Qiang's remarks at the Davos forum.[1] A spokesperson from the ministry's Policy Research Office stated that "the United States cannot narrowly define production capacity exceeding domestic demand as overcapacity," emphasizing that Washington lacks the unilateral authority to define and penalize such industrial levels.[1]
The Chinese government's pushback comes as the US prepares to announce results from its investigation into industrial capacity issues across 16 economies, which is expected to trigger additional tariff measures.[1] The US previously imposed 10%-12.5% higher tariffs on 60 economies, including China, citing insufficient enforcement of bans on goods made through forced labor.[1] China reported a record trade surplus of approximately 1.2 trillion US dollars in 2024.[1] Meanwhile, the European Union has already implemented its own trade measures this month, including protectionist actions for the steel industry and restrictions on imports of small e-commerce parcels.[1]