意大利帕尔马的农民克劳迪奥·格罗西（Claudio Grossi）在20世纪90年代初，于自家阁楼中发现了一袋由其曾祖父留下的未知种子 1。当他将这些种子播种后，长出的小麦植株高度约为六英尺（约1.8米），且每一根茎秆上竟能结出七个麦穗 1。这一独特品种被命名为“grano del miracolo”，意为“奇迹小麦” 1。
经过帕尔马大学研究人员贝尼亚米诺·佩罗贝利（Beniamino Perobelli）和特奥菲洛·瓦梅拉里（Teofilo Vamerali）的鉴定，该植物确认为硬粒小麦的一个古老变种（Triticum turgidum，又称poulard wheat） 1。与现代商业小麦相比，“奇迹小麦”具有显著的营养优势，富含磷、铁以及赖氨酸、色氨酸和精氨酸，同时麸质含量更低 1。在种植特性上，该品种表现出极强的耐旱性和抗杂草能力，无需使用化肥和除草剂即可生长 1。然而，由于其植株过高，容易遭受风灾导致倒伏，因此种植时需与矮秆品种混种，以便获得支撑 1。
历史背景显示，墨索里尼政府在20世纪20年代发起的“小麦之战”（La Battaglia del Grano）旨在推广高产但依赖化学品的短秆小麦，这直接导致了众多古老品种的失传 1。但在气候变化日益严峻的今天，这些古老品种的价值重新凸显。弗朗切斯科·索蒂莱（Francesco Sottile）指出，在2024年西西里岛遭遇严重干旱期间，种植此类古老谷物的农民依然获得了收成，而许多种植现代商业小麦的农户则被迫放弃田地 1。这一发现契合了当时的“慢食运动”，并在气候变化背景下为恢复农业生物多样性提供了实证案例 1。
In the early 1990s, Claudio Grossi, a farmer in Parma, Italy, discovered a bag of unknown seeds left by his great-grandfather in his attic 1. After planting them, he cultivated a wheat variety that grew to six feet tall and produced seven spikes per stem, which was subsequently named "grano del miracolo," or miracle wheat 1. Researchers Beniamino Perobelli and Teofilo Vamerali from the University of Parma identified the crop as Triticum turgidum, an ancient variant of durum wheat 1.
The rediscovered grain offers distinct agricultural and nutritional advantages over modern commercial varieties. It is drought-resistant, suppresses weeds naturally, and requires no fertilizers or herbicides 1. Nutritionally, it contains higher levels of phosphorus, iron, lysine, tryptophan, and arginine, while having lower gluten content compared to standard commercial wheat 1. However, due to its height, the plant is vulnerable to wind damage and typically needs to be intercropped with shorter varieties for structural support 1.
This revival aligns with the Slow Food movement and highlights the importance of agricultural biodiversity in the face of climate change. Francesco Sottile noted that during the severe drought in Sicily in 2024, farmers cultivating these ancient grains were able to harvest crops, whereas many growers of commercial wheat were forced to abandon their fields 1. The loss of such varieties traces back to the 1920s when Mussolini’s "Battle for Grain" (La Battaglia del Grano) promoted high-yield, chemical-dependent short-stalked wheat, leading to the extinction of many traditional strains 1.
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