由Mass General Brigham主导的一项大型国际研究发现，针对p-tau217生物标志物的简单血液检测可在症状出现前多年预测阿尔茨海默病相关的认知衰退风险 1。数据显示，p-tau217水平极高的老年人在五年内发展为认知障碍的概率为38%，十年内升至78%；其中十年期的数据基于较少数据得出 1。
该研究对象为来自北美、日本和澳大利亚的6项观察性研究和临床试验中的2,684名无认知障碍老年人 1。核心发现指出，p-tau217提供的风险信息独立于淀粉样蛋白斑块PET扫描和APOE4基因风险因素 1。Rachel F. Buckley博士表示，这项工作的独特之处在于它估计了个人认知障碍的风险水平，而非仅仅识别生物学变化 1。
尽管结果令人鼓舞，研究人员目前仍不建议对无症状人群进行常规筛查 1。Reisa Sperling博士警告称，由于尚缺乏针对高危健康人群的疾病修饰疗法，因此不推荐常规血液筛查 1。研究结果在阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议上展示，并同步发表于《JAMA》杂志 1。
A large international study led by the Mass General Brigham Neuroscience Institute has demonstrated that a simple blood test targeting the p-tau217 biomarker can predict the risk of Alzheimer’s-related cognitive decline years before symptoms appear 1. The findings, presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference and published in JAMA, indicate that elderly individuals with extremely high levels of this marker face a 38% probability of developing cognitive impairment within five years, rising to 78% over ten years based on limited data 1. The research cohort comprised 2,684 cognitively unimpaired older adults recruited from six observational studies and clinical trials across North America, Japan, and Australia 1.
Crucially, the risk information provided by p-tau217 operates independently of established factors such as amyloid plaque PET scans and APOE4 genetic status 1. Rachel F. Buckley, PhD, emphasized that the unique contribution of this work is its ability to estimate an individual’s specific risk level for cognitive impairment rather than merely identifying underlying biological changes 1. Despite these promising results, Reisa Sperling, MD, cautioned against routine screening for asymptomatic populations, noting that there are currently no disease-modifying therapies available for healthy individuals identified as high-risk 1.
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