亲子互动疗法是一种以依恋理论为基础的心理治疗方法，通过治疗师的实时指导来改善儿童的行为和情绪问题。[1]在这种疗法中，治疗师位于隔壁房间，通过单向玻璃观察父母与儿童的互动，并通过耳机向父母提供指导，帮助他们学会用积极关注来强化儿童的良好行为。[1]该疗法首次于1970年代被用于治疗3至7岁儿童的问题行为，目前已在澳大利亚使用约20年，现在在悉尼西部一些学校提供。[1]
该疗法的治疗周期通常为14至16周，大多数疗程涉及父母和儿童共同参与。[1]研究表明亲子互动疗法对儿童的行为问题和情绪调节问题均有效，对文化多样化家庭和面临逆境的家庭同样有效。[1]除了改善儿童问题外，父母也能获得额外益处，包括减少压力、改善养育技能和信心，以及提高管理愤怒等困难情绪的能力。[1]
该疗法适用于15个月以上的儿童，特别是患有品行障碍、对立违抗障碍和创伤相关疾病的儿童。[1]然而，该疗法需要由经过广泛培训的合格心理卫生服务提供者（包括注册心理学家和社会工作者）进行，并需要专门的房间和设备。[1]在存在安全问题或家庭关系不稳定的环境中，该疗法不被推荐使用。[1]
Parent-child interaction therapy is an evidence-based psychological treatment grounded in attachment theory that aims to improve children's behavioral and emotional regulation problems.[1] The therapeutic approach works by having a therapist observe parent-child interactions through one-way glass from an adjacent room and provide real-time guidance to parents via earpiece, coaching them to use positive attention to reinforce their child's appropriate behaviors.[1]
The therapy has been in use in Australia for approximately 20 years and is currently offered in some schools in western Sydney.[1] Treatment typically spans 14 to 16 weeks, with most sessions involving both parent and child.[1] While the method was first developed in the 1970s for children aged 3 to 7 years with behavioral difficulties, it is now applicable to children aged 15 months and older.[1] Research demonstrates its effectiveness for behavioral problems and emotional regulation difficulties across culturally diverse families and those facing adversity.[1]
The therapy is particularly suited for children with conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and trauma-related conditions.[1] Beyond addressing child behavioral issues, parents experience additional benefits including reduced stress, improved parenting skills and confidence, and enhanced ability to manage difficult emotions such as anger.[1] However, the approach requires delivery by qualified mental health service providers with extensive specialized training, including registered psychologists and social workers, and necessitates dedicated rooms and equipment.[1] The therapy is not recommended in environments where safety concerns exist or family relationships are unstable.[1]
