美国南加州大学医学院的一项为期两年临床试验发现，尽管高剂量鱼油补充剂中的DHA成功到达脑脊液，但对记忆力改善和阿尔茨海默病相关脑萎缩防护均无显著效果1。该研究纳入365名55至80岁的参与者，其中47%携带APOE4基因，参与者每日服用含2000毫克DHA的鱼油补充剂或安慰剂1。六个月后，补充剂使用者脑脊液中DHA浓度平均增加17%，但两年后的认知测试结果显示，鱼油补充剂组与安慰剂组无显著差异1。
首席研究员Hussein Naji Yassine表示："鱼油补充剂似乎不能保护大脑健康"1。尽管美国人每年花费超过10亿美元购买含Omega-3脂肪酸的补充剂，这项发表在《eBioMedicine》期刊上的研究结果表明，通过健康饮食获得Omega-3脂肪酸可能比单纯依赖补充剂更为有益1。该研究由美国国立卫生研究院和阿尔茨海默病药物发现基金会资助1。
A two-year clinical trial conducted by the University of Southern California's Keck School of Medicine found that despite high-dose fish oil supplements successfully delivering DHA to the brain, they failed to improve memory or prevent brain shrinkage associated with Alzheimer's disease.1 The study involved 365 participants aged 55 to 80, with 47 percent carrying the APOE4 gene, who received either daily supplements containing 2,000 milligrams of DHA—an omega-3 fatty acid—or a placebo.1 After six months, participants taking the supplement showed an average 17 percent increase in DHA concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, yet the fish oil group and placebo group demonstrated no significant differences in cognitive test performance after two years.1
The findings have notable implications given that Americans spend over one billion dollars annually on omega-3 supplements.1 Lead researcher Hussein Naji Yassine stated that "fish oil supplements appear unable to protect brain health,"1 suggesting that obtaining omega-3s through a healthy diet may offer greater benefits than supplements alone.1 The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation and was published in eBioMedicine in 2026, volume 129.1
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