国务院学位委员会办公室近期印发意见，推动翻译、农业、临床医学、会计、艺术5个专业学位类别试点以实践成果替代论文申请硕博学位1。这一改革旨在改变传统唯论文导向，体现学位教育的专业性、实践性和创新性1。
该举措遵循2024年4月颁布的《中华人民共和国学位法》，该法首次从法律层面明确研究生可以通过学位论文答辩或实践成果答辩两种方式申请学位1。这并非孤立的试验，而是继工程硕博士试点后的进一步改革探索1。目前，工程领域的专项试点已取得初步成效，140多名工程硕博士学生以实践成果申请学位，其中清华大学2019级工程博士生聂海亮于2025年10月成为首位通过实践成果答辩获得工程博士学位的学生1。
当前，硕士研究生阶段专业学位占比已超过60%1，这决定了改革试点的必要性和紧迫性。改革强调质量为先，需要完善相关标准、机制和流程1。
The State Council Degree Committee Office has issued guidance to establish pilot programs in five professional degree categories—translation, agriculture, clinical medicine, accounting, and arts—allowing students to substitute practical achievements for traditional dissertations when applying for master's and doctoral degrees.1 This reform represents a significant shift away from the conventional emphasis on academic papers, building on legal reforms introduced in 2024 and earlier engineering doctorate initiatives.1
The initiative follows the adoption of the Degree Law in April 2024, which for the first time established a legal framework enabling graduate students to pursue degrees through either traditional thesis defense or practical achievement assessment.1 The change aligns with broader enrollment trends, as professional master's degree programs now account for over 60 percent of graduate admissions.1 Engineering disciplines have already begun implementing this approach; in October 2025, Nie Hailiang, a 2019-cohort engineering doctoral candidate at Tsinghua University, became the first engineering doctoral student to successfully apply for a degree based on practical outcomes.1 To date, more than 140 engineering master's and doctoral students participating in the pilot program have applied for degrees through this alternative pathway.1
Officials emphasize that the reform prioritizes quality assurance and requires the development of refined standards, mechanisms, and processes to ensure academic rigor across all participating disciplines.1
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