宾夕法尼亚大学医学院研究人员对一位已故阿尔茨海默病患者的脑组织进行了详细检查，发现了该疾病病理特征分布的显著差异。1研究显示，成功清除淀粉样蛋白斑块的脑区tau蛋白堆积极少，而仍含有淀粉样蛋白的相邻脑区则显示tau缠结、炎症和神经退行性变化大量增加。1这一发现为人脑直接提供了证据，表明清除淀粉样蛋白可能具有保护作用，有助于减缓阿尔茨海默病的进展。1
该患者在五十多岁时被诊断为阿尔茨海默病引起的轻度认知障碍，期间接受了长达4.5年共30次aducanumab治疗。1患者在最后一次给药约4年后去世，从首次症状出现至去世已超过10年。1脑部解剖学特征上表现为脑脊表面的脊（gyri）几乎完全清除了淀粉样蛋白斑块且tau积累极少，而相邻的沟（sulci）仍含有大量淀粉样蛋白和tau缠结。1
这项研究在2026年阿尔茨海默病协会国际会议上发表，同时刊登在《美国医学会杂志》（JAMA）上。1目前已批准的淀粉样蛋白靶向药物包括aducanumab（已不再销售）、donanemab（Kisunla）和lecanemab（Leqembi）。1
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine conducted an exceptionally detailed examination of brain tissue from a deceased Alzheimer's disease patient, uncovering a striking contrast in how different brain regions responded to amyloid-clearing treatment 1. The analysis revealed that areas where amyloid-beta plaques had been successfully removed showed minimal tau protein accumulation, while adjacent brain regions still containing amyloid displayed substantially increased tau tangles, inflammation, and neurodegeneration 1.
The patient was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer's disease in his fifties and received 30 doses of aducanumab over 4.5 years 1. He died approximately four years after his final treatment, more than a decade after symptom onset 1. The most striking finding emerged at the microscopic level: the brain's gyri, or ridges on the cortical surface, had nearly completely cleared of amyloid plaques and showed minimal tau buildup, while the adjacent sulci, or grooves, retained substantial amounts of both amyloid and tau tangles 1.
These findings provide direct human evidence that clearing amyloid-beta may offer protective benefits and help slow Alzheimer's progression, particularly when treatment begins early 1. The research was presented at the 2026 Alzheimer's Association International Conference and published simultaneously in JAMA 1. Among approved amyloid-targeting medications are aducanumab—which is no longer sold—along with donanemab (Kisunla) and lecanemab (Leqembi) 1.
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