北京安定医院精神神经联合病房副主任王玥针对公众对前额叶的常见误解进行了科学解读。1
前额叶位于额头后方，其主要功能并非存储记忆，而是掌管工作记忆、执行功能、情绪与行为控制。1记性变差并不必然意味着前额叶受损，中老年人的近期记忆减退应警惕痴呆相关疾病，而年轻人记忆力下降多与睡眠障碍、焦虑或抑郁有关。1临床上前额叶受损的最常见原因是脑血管病（如缺血性脑梗死），其次为脑退行性病变、脑炎、代谢类损伤和脑外伤。1
关于日常生活方式的影响，单纯刷手机本身不会对前额叶造成器质性损伤，但若挤占睡眠时间导致睡眠不足，前额叶功能可能受到影响。1阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（睡觉时反复呼吸暂停致大脑缺氧）同样会对前额叶产生影响。1值得注意的是，前额叶受损并非完全不可逆，恢复程度取决于病因、损伤范围、干预时机和康复训练的效果。1
王玥建议通过保持长期兴趣爱好、稳定社交、预防心脑血管疾病、保持情绪稳定、保证充足睡眠、坚持体育锻炼和患病后积极治疗等措施来保护前额叶健康。1
Wang Yue, deputy director of the Psychiatric-Neurological Combined Ward at Beijing Anding Hospital, has clarified several widespread misunderstandings about the prefrontal cortex and its functions 1. Located behind the forehead, the prefrontal cortex primarily governs three critical functions: working memory, executive function, and emotional and behavioral control 1. Contrary to popular belief, memory deterioration does not necessarily indicate prefrontal cortex damage 1.
The most common clinical causes of prefrontal cortex damage are cerebrovascular disease, particularly ischemic stroke, followed by neurodegenerative diseases, encephalitis, metabolic injuries, and traumatic brain injury 1. While using smartphones itself does not directly cause structural damage to the prefrontal cortex, insufficient sleep resulting from excessive phone use can impair its function 1. Additionally, obstructive sleep apnea—characterized by repeated respiratory pauses during sleep that deprive the brain of oxygen—can affect the prefrontal cortex 1.
Prefrontal cortex damage is not necessarily irreversible 1. Recovery depends on the underlying cause, extent of injury, timing of intervention, and rehabilitation training 1. To maintain prefrontal cortex health, Wang recommends maintaining long-term hobbies, stable social connections, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, emotional stability, adequate sleep, regular physical exercise, and prompt treatment of medical conditions 1.
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