科学家揭示百年蘑菇病害难以根除的原因

佛罗里达大学研究团队通过DNA测序和化学分析发现，困扰白蘑菇种植者逾百年的细菌斑点病实际上由超过17种不同病原菌复合引起，而非单一病原体导致1。这一发现解释了该病害长期难以有效防控的根本原因。

研究团队采用了DNA测序、化学分析和常规实验室测试三种方法来确认相关病原菌1。该项目由美国农业部资助700万美元，由宾州州立大学、特拉华大学和佛罗里达大学联合开展，以Sameerika Mudiyanselage为论文带头作者，研究成果已发表于《微生物学研究》2026年第309卷1。

研究团队正在测试植物精油和益生菌等生物防治方案，作为传统化学处理的替代选择1。

Researchers at the University of Florida have identified over 17 different bacterial pathogens as the cause of bacterial spot disease in white button mushrooms, a condition that has plagued growers for more than 100 years 1. Rather than resulting from a single pathogenic agent, the disease stems from a complex consortium of microorganisms, a discovery made through DNA sequencing, chemical analysis, and conventional laboratory testing methods 1.

The research, led by Sameerika Mudiyanselage, was supported by a $7 million grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and conducted in collaboration with Pennsylvania State University, the University of Delaware, and the University of Florida 1. The findings, published in Microbiology Research Volume 309 in 2026, establish a foundation for developing more effective and environmentally sustainable control strategies 1. The research team is currently testing biological alternatives to chemical treatments, including plant essential oils and beneficial microorganisms, to combat the disease 1.