美国儿科学会上周呼吁禁止在美国销售未经巴氏消毒的牛奶1。这一举措针对的是生牛奶在美国日益流行的趋势——根据市场研究公司Circana的数据，2024年生牛奶销售增长了17.6%1。
生牛奶的流行带来了严重的公共卫生风险。今年夏天，超过100人因食用生牛奶而患病，其中11人被住院1。加州、佛罗里达州和德州发生的大肠杆菌疫情与生牛奶分销商Raw Farm的奶酪有关，大多数患者是三岁及以下儿童1。美国食品药品监督管理局和公共卫生官员强调，没有证据支持生牛奶能减少乳糖不耐症、治疗过敏症和增强免疫力的说法，并指出巴氏消毒对安全至关重要1。美国食品药品监督管理局在1987年已禁止了生牛奶的州际销售和分配1。
生牛奶需求增长的背后有多重因素。社交媒体影响者宣传其健康益处、公众对政府监管机构的不信任以及新冠疫情后消费者的态度转变，都推动了这一趋势1。斯坦福大学传染病专家Brian Dawes博士表示，生牛奶对儿童特别危险，因为"他们的免疫系统较弱，生理储备较少"1，他支持禁止生牛奶1。
The American Academy of Pediatrics has issued a call for prohibiting the sale of unpasteurized milk in the United States, citing growing consumption and associated disease outbreaks. 1 Raw milk sales grew 17.6% in 2024, according to market research firm Circana. 1 The surge in popularity has been fueled by social media influencers promoting purported health benefits, public distrust of government regulatory agencies, and shifting consumer attitudes following the COVID-19 pandemic. 1
Public health concerns have escalated following illness clusters linked to raw milk consumption. More than 100 people became ill from consuming raw milk during the summer of 2024, with 11 requiring hospitalization; the majority of patients were children aged three and under. 1 E. coli outbreaks in California, Florida, and Texas were connected to cheese products from raw milk distributor Raw Farm. 1 The FDA and public health officials have emphasized that there is no scientific evidence supporting claims that raw milk reduces lactose intolerance, treats allergies, or strengthens immunity, and they stress that pasteurization is essential for safety. 1 Since 1987, the FDA has prohibited the interstate sale and distribution of raw milk. 1
Dr. Brian Dawes, an infectious disease specialist at Stanford University, has stated that raw milk poses particular dangers to children because "their immune systems are weaker and they have fewer physiological reserves," and he supports a ban on the product. 1
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