全国共有1137座生活垃圾焚烧厂，日均处理生活垃圾115.8万吨，平均负荷率达88.7%1。然而，垃圾焚烧厂"吃不饱"与垃圾"堆不下"两种现象同时存在，反映的并非垃圾总量不足，而是处理能力与产生量的结构性失衡和区域性错配1。其中，东南沿海省份垃圾焚烧厂布局密集，而其他地区相对稀疏，城乡失衡也较为突出1。
混合垃圾处理中存在的技术问题进一步加剧了这一矛盾1。厨余垃圾混入导致垃圾含水率高、燃烧不充分，降低了发电效率1。同时，垃圾焚烧厂处理的垃圾越多，排放的污染物总量也随之增加1。
要打破这一困境，必须坚定推进垃圾分类和源头减量1。仅依靠末端处置远不足以解决问题，应当走全链条治理和资源化循环发展道路1。
China's waste disposal system confronts a paradoxical challenge where garbage incineration facilities operate below capacity even as landfills reach their limits. The nation operates 1,137 municipal solid waste incinerators with a combined daily processing capacity of 1.158 million tons, yet they function at an average utilization rate of 88.7% 1. This apparent contradiction reflects not a shortage of waste overall, but rather a structural imbalance and regional mismatch between disposal infrastructure and garbage generation 1.
Geographic disparities underscore the inefficiency. Southeastern coastal provinces have concentrated networks of incineration plants, while other regions remain underserved, with particularly acute urban-rural divides 1. The waste that does reach incinerators is often compromised by improper segregation; mixed refuse containing high-moisture food scraps reduces combustion efficiency and diminishes electricity generation 1. This problem extends beyond operational concerns—greater waste throughput at incineration facilities corresponds directly to higher total pollution emissions 1.
Addressing this dual crisis demands a comprehensive approach that transcends end-of-pipeline thinking. Source reduction and mandatory garbage sorting represent essential priorities rather than optional measures 1. Only through full-chain management and circular resource recovery can China achieve sustainable waste management aligned with its disposal capacity 1.
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