过去20年间，全球50岁以下人群中多种癌症的发病率呈现显著上升趋势。1英国的数据最为突出，结直肠癌在这一年龄段的发病率从2001年的26000分之一上升至2023年的12000分之一，实现翻倍增长。1圣保罗A.C. Camargo癌症中心的研究进一步揭示了这一现象的严重程度，该机构数据显示，2000至2023年间50岁以下结直肠癌患者的年增长率达到7.6%，总体增长了5倍。1
2025年的全球范围研究证实了这种上升态势的普遍性。一项分析50个国家和地区数据的研究发现，其中27个地区早发性结直肠癌发病率呈上升状态。1另一项涉及42个国家的研究则发现，甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌、肾癌、子宫癌和白血病在大多数国家的20-49岁人群中均出现上升。1
多项证据指向肥胖症是早发性癌症高发的重要推手。世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构(IARC)已确认肥胖是至少13种癌症的风险因素。1而肥胖症本身的流行也为这一现象提供了基础——自1990年代起，成人肥胖症发病率翻倍，青少年中的增长率更是达到4倍。1此外，更好的诊断意识可能也在推高早期诊断率。美国针对15-39岁胰腺癌患者的研究表明，患者数量增长几乎完全由早期肿瘤组成，死亡率保持不变，这提示诊断能力提升也是重要因素。1
Multiple cancer types are emerging at significantly higher rates among people under 50 globally, with research revealing alarming trends across developed and developing nations 1. The World Cancer Research Fund analyzed data from the United Kingdom, United States, and the Netherlands, uncovering concerning patterns that extend to Latin America 1. In the UK, colorectal cancer incidence among those under 50 has doubled between 2001 and 2023, rising from approximately one case per 26,000 people to one per 12,000 1. A 2025 study examining 50 countries and territories found that 27 regions experienced increases in early-onset colorectal cancer rates 1. Data from São Paulo's A.C. Camargo Cancer Center documented a 7.6 percent annual growth rate in colorectal cancer patients under 50 between 2000 and 2023, representing a fivefold increase over the period 1.
Research has identified obesity as a major contributor to this trend, with the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) confirming it as a risk factor for at least 13 cancer types 1. The prevalence of obesity has doubled among adults since the 1990s and increased fourfold among adolescents 1. A 2025 multi-country study involving 42 nations documented rising incidence of thyroid, breast, colorectal, kidney, uterine, and blood cancers among people aged 20 to 49 in most countries surveyed 1. However, improved diagnostic awareness may also explain some of the observed increases, as evidenced by research on early-onset pancreatic cancer in the United States among those aged 15 to 39, which found that the surge in cases consisted almost entirely of early-stage tumors with mortality rates remaining stable 1.
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