科隆大学研究人员发现，必需氨基酸亮氨酸能够通过保护线粒体外膜上的关键蛋白质免遭降解，从而增强细胞的能量生产效率1。这项研究由科隆大学遗传学研究所和衰老研究卓越集群（CECAD）的Thorsten Hoppe教授领导，已发表于《自然细胞生物学》期刊2025年第27卷第11期1。
研究揭示了亮氨酸通过调节SEL1L蛋白的活性来实现这一机制。第一作者Dr. Qiaochu Li表示："细胞的营养状态，特别是亮氨酸水平，直接影响能量生产"1。由于亮氨酸是必需氨基酸，人体无法自行合成，必须通过乳制品、肉类、豆类和扁豆等食物获取1。研究团队在秀丽隐杆线虫和人类肺癌细胞上进行了相关实验1，这些发现有望为代谢紊乱和癌症治疗提供新的思路1。
Researchers at the University of Cologne have uncovered a mechanism through which leucine, an essential amino acid, enhances the energy-producing capacity of cells.1 The team found that leucine strengthens cellular energy production by shielding critical proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane from degradation.1 This discovery reveals a direct link between nutritional status and metabolic efficiency, with potential implications for treating metabolic disorders and cancer.1
Led by Professor Thorsten Hoppe of the Institute of Genetics and the Cluster of Excellence on Aging Research (CECAD) at the University of Cologne, the research demonstrates that leucine regulates the activity of the SEL1L protein to achieve this protective effect.1 Dr. Qiaochu Li, the lead author, emphasized the significance of this finding, stating: "A cell's nutritional state, particularly its leucine level, directly influences energy production."1 The study was published in Nature Cell Biology, Volume 27, Issue 11, 2025, under the title "Leucine Adapts Mitochondrial Respiration by Preventing Outer Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Degradation." The research employed experiments using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and human lung cancer cells.1
Since the human body cannot synthesize leucine on its own, this essential amino acid must be obtained through dietary sources including dairy products, meat, beans, and lentils.1 The research was supported by funding from Germany's Excellence Strategy, the German Research Foundation's collaborative research centers, a European Research Council Advanced Grant, and the Humboldt Foundation.1
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