桑树化合物可能改善肠道微生物群落并影响代谢

弗罗茨瓦夫医科大学发表的一项研究综述表明，桑叶和桑果中的生物活性化合物可能重塑肠道微生物群落，进而对代谢产生影响。1该研究发表于2026年《Biomolecules》期刊。1研究人员在白桑和黑桑中识别出关键活性物质，包括1-脱氧野尻霉素、多酚和多糖，其中黑桑果实含有高水平的花青素和酚类化合物。1

在动物实验中，研究人员发现桑树制剂的组合效应显著优于单一成分。1在高脂肪饮食小鼠中，白桑果实中的多酚和多糖的联合制剂产生了比单独使用时更有利的肠道微生物变化。1此外，肠道微生物移植实验表明，接收经过桑树处理微生物的小鼠也显示代谢紊乱的改善。1项目研究员Anna Prescha教授强调："关键是不仅要有单一化合物的存在，还要有制剂的复杂成分、其化合物的比例及其相互作用。"1

然而，这些益处因多个因素而异。1桑树品种、植物部位和加工方法的差异会导致效果差异，且这些益处尚未在人体中得到验证。1目前尚未进行人体研究直接检验桑树制剂对肠道微生物的影响。1

A research review from the University of Wroclaw Medical School suggests that bioactive compounds found in mulberry leaves and fruits—including polyphenols and polysaccharides—could alter the composition of gut microbiota and thereby influence metabolic function 1. The study, published in 2026 in the journal Biomolecules, identifies key active substances in white mulberry (Morus alba) and black mulberry (Morus nigra), notably 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), polyphenols, and polysaccharides, with black mulberry fruits containing particularly high levels of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds 1.

Animal experiments revealed significant synergistic effects from certain mulberry preparations 1. In mice fed a high-fat diet, a combined formulation of polyphenols and polysaccharides from white mulberry fruit produced more favorable changes to gut microbiota than when either compound was used alone 1. Additionally, in fecal microbiota transplantation experiments, mice receiving microbiota treated with mulberry preparations also showed improvements in metabolic dysfunction 1. However, the beneficial effects vary considerably depending on the mulberry species, plant part used, and processing method employed 1.

Professor Anna Prescha emphasized that "the key is not only the presence of single compounds but also the complex composition of the formulation, the proportion of its compounds, and their interactions" 1. Despite these promising preclinical findings, human studies directly examining the impact of mulberry preparations on gut microbiota have not yet been conducted, leaving these potential benefits unverified in people 1.