一项发表在《PLOS Medicine》杂志上的大规模脑成像研究发现，阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知障碍、精神类疾病和成瘾等神经精神疾病与脑部加速衰老存在独特的关联模式1。由南京航空航天大学Shile Qi主导的研究团队对45900名对照组和2698名患者进行了对比分析，患者群体包括多动症、自闭症、酒精与烟草成瘾、阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知障碍、精神分裂症、双相障碍和重度抑郁症患者1。
研究结果显示，阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍显示最强的脑衰老加速关联，而多动症和自闭症患者与对照组相比无明显总体差异1。不同疾病对脑部的影响呈现差异化特征：精神疾病与额叶和颞叶的加速衰老相关，痴呆症与额叶和枕叶的加速衰老相关，而成瘾则表现出不同模式，与默认模式网络、显著网络、纹状体和丘脑的加速衰老相关1。这些发现可能为未来开发生物标志物提供线索1。该研究得到江苏省重点研发计划（BE2023668）和国家自然科学基金（62376124）的支持1。
A large-scale neuroimaging study published in PLOS Medicine has identified distinct patterns of accelerated brain aging associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders.1 Researchers compared MRI data from 45,900 control subjects and 2,698 patients diagnosed with conditions including Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and alcohol or tobacco addiction.1 The findings reveal that Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment show the strongest associations with accelerated brain aging, while ADHD and autism demonstrate no significant overall differences compared to controls.1
The study, led by Shile Qi at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, demonstrates that different disorders affect distinct brain regions.1 Psychiatric conditions correlate with higher brain aging patterns in the frontal and temporal lobes, while dementia-related disorders show elevated patterns in the frontal and occipital lobes.1 Addiction presents a different profile, with elevated brain aging markers in the default mode network, salience network, striatum, and thalamus.1 These findings may provide valuable clues for developing biomarkers to better understand and potentially diagnose these conditions in the future.1
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