澳大利亚和英国的研究团队开发了一款开源气候工具——碳影响追踪器，能够将化石燃料项目的碳排放转化为具体的气候和环保损害数据12。该工具打破了石油公司长期使用的"沧海一粟"辩护论，为气候诉讼和监管决策提供了科学依据2。
澳大利亚国立大学团队以具体项目为例展示了该工具的应用效果。新南威尔士州HVO煤矿项目如获批准将排放约8.09亿吨二氧化碳当量1，这一排放量将导致全球升温额外0.00036°C1。碳影响追踪器将这个看似微小的数字转化为更直观的后果：近50万人将暴露于极端高热中1，或导致大堡礁每次白化时近1500万珊瑚群落死亡1。澳大利亚国立大学的Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick教授指出，"全球变暖中的小数字可能意味着灾难性影响"1。
该工具涵盖八个不同因素进行综合评估，包括粮食生产损失等多个领域1。在其他案例中，斯卡伯勒气田项目排放876百万吨二氧化碳将使全球516000人暴露于极端热浪中2；伍德塞德公司Browse至西北架气田项目将增加1597兆吨二氧化碳，导致0.00072°C升温2；埃克森美孚2024-2050年计划排放5245兆吨碳当量，将融化127平方公里冰川2。国际法院去年确认，化石燃料生产扩张可能构成国际违法行为2。
Researchers from Australian and British institutions have developed an open-source climate tool called the Carbon Impacts Tracer that quantifies the specific harms individual fossil fuel projects will cause to people and nature 2. The tool breaks down the environmental and economic consequences of carbon emissions across eight different impact categories, translating abstract CO₂ figures into concrete human and ecological outcomes 12.
The Carbon Impacts Tracer demonstrates how seemingly small contributions to global warming can produce catastrophic effects 1. Using the proposed HVO coal mine in New South Wales as an example, the tool converts its expected emissions of 809 million tonnes of CO₂ into measurable impacts: exposing approximately 500,000 people to extreme heat and causing the death of 15 million coral colonies during each bleaching event of the Great Barrier Reef 1. The same volume of emissions would trigger an additional 0.00036 degrees Celsius of global warming 1. The Scarborough gas field's 876 million tonnes of CO₂ would place 516,000 people at risk of heat-related death in Europe, with mortality increasing by 484 cases by 2100 2. The Browse to Northwest Shelf gas field project operated by Woodside would add 1,597 megatonnes of CO₂, causing 0.00072 degrees Celsius of warming 2, while ExxonMobil's projected 2024-2050 emissions of 5,245 megatonnes of CO₂ equivalent would result in the melting of 127 square kilometres of glaciers 2.
The tool provides scientific evidence for climate litigation and regulatory decision-making by countering long-standing industry arguments that individual projects represent negligible contributions to climate change 2. Professor Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick noted that "small numbers in global warming can mean catastrophic impacts" 1. The International Court of Justice confirmed last year that expansion of fossil fuel production could constitute a violation of international law 2.
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