特朗普政府正式削弱新车燃油经济性标准

特朗普政府通过运输部长达菲推出"自由意味着负担得起的汽车"倡议，正式确定了大幅削弱汽车和卡车燃油经济性标准的新规则 13。新规要求车队平均燃油效率为34.9英里/加仑 2，相比拜登时代要求2031年达到50.4英里/加仑的标准大幅倒退 2。这一举措将排放积分制度从2028年起予以取消，并将插电式混合动力车和电动车排除在车队平均计算之外 4，这可能导致一些汽车制造商完全放弃电动车生产。

特朗普政府声称该计划将使平均汽车成本降低1300美元 2，通用汽车等企业的技术成本将下降200亿美元（至2031年）5。然而，消费者倡导、健康和环保组织对此政策表示不满 2，分析人士对降价承诺表示怀疑 3，批评人士指出此举将带来重大环保代价 35。

The Trump administration has finalized a rule substantially weakening fuel economy standards for new cars and trucks, reversing the stricter emissions requirements implemented during the Biden era.24 Under the new policy, which Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy announced through the "Freedom Means Affordable Cars" initiative, the fleet average fuel efficiency target for 2031 will be 34.9 miles per gallon—a significant retreat from the Biden-era standard that required 50.4 miles per gallon by 2031.2 The rule also eliminates the emissions credit system beginning in 2028 and excludes plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles from fleet average calculations, a move that industry analysts warn could discourage some automakers from producing electric vehicles altogether.4

The Trump administration contends the new standards will reduce consumer costs, claiming the rule will lower average vehicle prices by $1,300.2 General Motors and other manufacturers are projected to save approximately $20 billion in technology costs through 2031 under the revised emissions framework.5 However, consumer advocacy groups, health organizations, and environmental advocates have expressed strong opposition to the policy, arguing it imposes substantial environmental costs.3 Analysts have questioned the administration's assertions about price reductions, and critics contend that the policy will increase pollution and undermine progress on emissions reductions.3