全球柴油价格正在大幅上涨。美国汽油周均价达到6.52美元每加仑（约5.73欧元），较一年前的3.74美元和两年前的3.53美元显著上升1。美国政府指责乌克兰对俄罗斯炼油厂的打击导致了这一短缺局面，俄罗斯柴油产量自2022年以来遭遇最多15次攻击后下降近30%1。虽然美国已成为主要替代供应国，出口至欧洲的柴油增加了37%，约占欧洲需求的8%，但这些供应仍远不足以填补缺口1。
欧洲因其能源结构而特别易受冲击。欧盟乘用车中柴油车占比38%，道路运输占柴油消耗量的77%1。这意味着欧洲驾驶员为50升柴油罐平均支付比之前多30欧元，德国长途卡车司机每周额外支出236欧元1。自乌克兰战争开始以来，欧盟道路运输燃料成本每天增加270百万欧元，其中203百万欧元专用于柴油，战争以来总计带来40亿欧元的额外成本负担1。这一局面面临进一步风险，特朗普于9月22日宣布考虑实施柴油出口禁令1。
Global diesel prices have climbed sharply, driven partly by Ukrainian strikes on Russian refineries but reflecting broader supply constraints across multiple markets.1 Russian refinery output has declined by nearly 30% since 2022 following as many as 15 attacks, creating a significant shortfall in global diesel availability.1 The United States has emerged as a key alternative supplier, increasing diesel exports to Europe by 37%, though these shipments account for only about 8% of European demand.1
The price impact has been particularly severe for consumers and transport operators. American gasoline averaged $6.52 per gallon (€5.73) recently, compared with $3.74 a year earlier and $3.53 two years ago.1 European drivers face even steeper costs, with the average cost of filling a 50-liter diesel tank rising by €30, while German long-haul truckers report additional weekly expenses of €236.1 The cumulative toll on Europe has been substantial: road transport fuel costs have increased by €270 million daily since the war began, with €203 million of that attributable to diesel alone, totaling €4 billion in additional costs.1
Europe's vulnerability to diesel shortages is amplified by its transportation infrastructure. Diesel vehicles represent 38% of the European Union's passenger car fleet, and road transport accounts for 77% of total diesel consumption across the region.1 On September 22, President Trump announced consideration of implementing a diesel export ban, a move that could further constrain global supplies and intensify price pressures.1
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