山东社会科学院研究员郑艳介绍了五仁月饼的馅料演变轨迹。1五仁月饼的源头可追溯至汉代受西域饮食影响的"胡饼"，最初仅含两种坚果仁——核桃仁和芝麻仁。1到了清代，馅料种类逐步增加，袁枚在《随园食单》中记载的"刘方伯月饼"包含松仁、核桃仁和瓜子仁三种，可视作"三仁"月饼的代表。1
五仁月饼作为一个成熟的品类，在清代已得到广泛认可。1施鸿保在《闽杂记》中明确记载了五仁月饼的普遍性，并列举了"五仁、洗沙、玫瑰、椒盐水晶、干菜、火腿等十余种"月饼品种。1月饼正式成为中秋节的标志性美食则是在明代确立的，明人田汝成在《西湖游览志余》中记载："八月十五谓之中秋，民间以月饼相遗，取团圆之意"。1明代祭月用的月饼个头巨大，需要由全家人按人数均匀切分，象征着阖家团圆。1如今，月饼已演变为具有社交功能的节礼，其"团圆"内核在商业市场中被不断放大。1
The history of five-kernel mooncakes traces back to the Han Dynasty, when Western culinary influences introduced a pastry known as "hu bing" that initially contained just two types of kernels—walnuts and sesame seeds.1 According to Zheng Yan, a researcher at the Shandong Academy of Social Sciences, this humble beginning marked the start of a centuries-long evolution in mooncake composition.1
By the Qing Dynasty, the filling had expanded to three kernels. Yuan Mei's culinary treatise "Suiyuan Shidan" (Random Notes from the Garden of Contentment) documented "Liu Fangbo's mooncake," which contained pine nuts, walnuts, and melon seeds, representing an early iteration of the three-kernel variety.1 The five-kernel mooncake subsequently became widely recognized as a standard category, with Shi Hongbao noting in "Min Za Ji" (Miscellaneous Records of Fujian) that over a dozen varieties were already in common circulation, including five-kernel, bean paste, rose, pepper-salt crystal, preserved vegetable, and ham flavors.1
Mooncakes formally became the iconic food of the Mid-Autumn Festival during the Ming Dynasty.1 Historical records by Ming scholar Tian Rusheng in "Xi Hu You Lan Zhi Yu" (Supplement to Records of West Lake Travels) explicitly state: "The fifteenth day of the eighth month is called Mid-Autumn, and common people exchange mooncakes to symbolize family reunion."1 During this period, families celebrated by sharing enormous ceremonial mooncakes that were portioned according to family size, embodying the notion of togetherness.1
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