欧盟将垃圾焚烧厂纳入碳市场，中国焚烧产业面临核算转变

欧盟委员会于2026年7月17日公布修订提案，正式将城市垃圾焚烧厂作为独立的"排放单位"纳入欧盟碳排放权市场1。这一举措结束了垃圾焚烧厂的长期豁免状态，意味着垃圾焚烧产生的碳排放将被纳入受约束的排放配额体系。

相比之下，中国的垃圾焚烧行业虽然发展迅速，但在碳排放核算上仍存在重要差距1。自2005年以来，中国垃圾焚烧厂数量从67座扩至2025年底的1137座，日处理能力达到118万吨1。然而，中国目前将焚烧厂作为"发电单位"进行核算，尚未将垃圾中塑料等化石基材料焚烧产生的碳排放纳入统计范围1。这表明中国在垃圾焚烧碳排放的完整核算管理上，与欧盟的最新政策框架仍有距离。

The European Commission unveiled a proposal on July 17, 2026, formally bringing urban waste incineration facilities into the EU's emissions trading system as independent "emission units," ending their long-standing exemption from carbon regulation 1. This move marks a significant shift in how the bloc accounts for emissions from waste management infrastructure.

China's waste incineration sector has undergone rapid expansion, growing from 67 facilities in 2005 to 1,137 plants by the end of 2025, with daily processing capacity reaching 1.18 million tons 1. However, China currently classifies these facilities only as "power generation units" for accounting purposes and does not yet account for carbon emissions from fossil-based materials such as plastics that are incinerated within the waste stream 1. The EU's regulatory framework presents a potential reference point for how China might refine its own approach to measuring and managing emissions from this expanding sector.