电动汽车销售的快速增长正在侵蚀德国的燃油税收入。1德国燃油税收入已从2016年的370亿欧元下降至去年的330亿欧元，税收专家警告称，若不进行税收制度改革，这一收入预计将在2050年进一步跌至50亿欧元，届时道路系统将成为联邦政府的亏损项目。1
全球范围内，电动汽车的采纳速度不断加快。2026年欧洲电动汽车销量同比增长近30%，挪威新车注册中电动汽车占95%，亚太地区（不含中国）电动汽车销量增长更是高达80%。1
面对这一趋势，德国政府正在探索改革道路融资方案的途径。1潜在的改革选项包括征收里程税、车辆通行费或提高机动车税。1目前，德国电动汽车在2035年前仍可享受免征车辆税的优惠政策。1
国际上，英国计划从2028年4月实施电动汽车里程税，其中充电混合动力车税率为1.5便士每英里，纯电动汽车为3便士每英里；瑞士则计划从2030年起征收电动汽车道路使用费。1
Germany is confronting a substantial decline in fuel tax revenues as electric vehicle adoption accelerates across the country.1 Fuel tax income has dropped from 37 billion euros in 2016 to 33 billion euros last year, with projections indicating a further collapse to just 5 billion euros by 2050.1 Tax experts have warned that without systematic reform, road infrastructure financing will become a deficit burden for the federal government.1
The shift toward electrification is reshaping Europe's automotive landscape. European electric vehicle sales are projected to surge by nearly 30 percent year-over-year in 2026, while Norway's new car registrations now consist of 95 percent electric vehicles.1 The Asia-Pacific region, excluding China, is experiencing even steeper growth of 80 percent in EV sales.1 Germany's current fuel tax structure imposes 47.04 cents per liter on diesel and 65.45 cents per liter on gasoline, with gasoline retail prices at 2.10 euros per liter containing over 50 percent in taxes.1
To address the fiscal gap, the German government is exploring alternative road financing mechanisms, including mileage-based taxation, vehicle tolls, and increased motor vehicle taxes.1 Other European nations are already implementing similar solutions: the United Kingdom plans to introduce an EV mileage tax in April 2028, charging 1.5 pence per mile for plug-in hybrids and 3 pence per mile for battery electric vehicles, while Switzerland intends to levy road usage fees on electric vehicles starting in 2030.1 Germany currently exempts electric vehicles from vehicle taxes until 2035, though it eliminated purchase subsidies of thousands of euros per vehicle at the end of 2023.1
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