日本央行创31年来最快加息步伐应对通胀压力

日本央行周五将基准利率从1%上调至1.25%，创下31年来新高3。这一举措代表自1990年以来央行最快的加息速度12，是央行过去两年半内的第六次加息3。

央行此举旨在应对持续的通胀压力12。8月核心通胀率为1.7%，较前月的1.8%有所下降，接近央行2%的目标3。加息决定随后引发市场连锁反应：日元在加息后走弱12，政府债券收益率上升1。美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特敦促日本央行行长上田和弘"做正确的事"以支持日元升值3。值得注意的是，8月东京和华盛顿确认进行联合干预以阻止日元下跌，这是2011年以来的首次联合行动3。

The Bank of Japan has elevated its benchmark interest rate to 1.25%, marking its highest level in 31 years 3. This represents the central bank's most aggressive rate-hiking pace since 1990, as it continues to tackle persistent inflationary pressures 12. The move extends a series of monetary tightening actions that began in 2024, with this marking the sixth rate increase over the past two and a half years 3.

The rate increase has triggered significant market reactions, including depreciation of the yen 12. Core inflation in August stood at 1.7%, down slightly from 1.8% in July and approaching the central bank's 2% target 3. The decision came amid broader global economic challenges facing Japan, including energy price volatility and workforce constraints 3. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent urged Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda to "do the right thing" in supporting yen appreciation 3, reflecting external pressure on the policy decision. In response to currency fluctuations, Tokyo and Washington confirmed a joint intervention in August to prevent further yen depreciation, marking the first coordinated action since 2011 3.