中国自然资源部中国地质调查局的"海洋地质十号"船于8月11日至9月8日在南海民主礁海域进行地质调查1。菲律宾海岸防卫队指控该调查船未经许可在菲专属经济区活动25天，其中约3周在民主礁12海里范围内1。
中国官媒称此次调查采用了单道地震、重磁、走航海流、溫鹽深、地质取样等多学科手段1，目的是了解该海域地质特征并为综合治理提供科学依据1。中国基于历史依据声索南海大部分海域1，而菲律宾则援引《联合国海洋法公约》及2016年南海仲裁裁决主张自身权益1。双方因南海主权争议长年对峙1。
China's geological survey vessel Haiyang Dizhi 10, operated by the China Geological Survey under the Ministry of Natural Resources, conducted marine geological investigations in the waters of Second Thomas Shoal from August 11 to September 8 1. The Philippine Coast Guard alleged that the survey ship operated for 25 days within the Philippine exclusive economic zone without authorization, with approximately three weeks spent within the 12-nautical-mile vicinity of the disputed reef 1.
According to Chinese state media, the geological survey aimed to understand the geological characteristics of the area and provide scientific evidence for comprehensive management of the region 1. The survey employed multiple disciplinary methods including single-channel seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic measurements, shipboard current profiling, temperature and salinity measurements, and geological sampling 1. China bases its claim over most of the South China Sea on historical grounds 1, while the Philippines invokes the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the 2016 South China Sea arbitration ruling in support of its position 1.
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