车网互动试点在多地展开 电动汽车成为电网调节资源

随着新能源汽车保有量不断增长，车网互动（V2G）技术试点在全国多地铺开。1今年1至8月，国内销售新能源汽车1065万辆，保有量已接近5000万辆。1与此同时，电动汽车充电基础设施快速扩张，截至今年7月底，我国充电基础设施总数达2368.3万个，同比增长41.9%。1

通过V2G技术，电动汽车可在谷时段充电、峰值时段放电，实现与电网的互动。1以北京V2G示范站为例，谷时段充电电价为0.3349元/千瓦时，放电时段可获得0.7—1.3元/千瓦时收益，电价差在0.4元—1元/千瓦时之间。1搭载70千瓦时电池、续驶里程600公里左右的电动汽车，日常通勤每天仅耗电5到10千瓦时，车主通过参与车网互动可日获约30元收益。1

这一模式已在多个地区取得实际成效。湖北试点中累计有效放电订单超2.1万次，放电量超37.6万千瓦时。1广州5月28日活动当天，76座车网互动充换电站、492台充换电桩参与，累计反向放电1.5万千瓦时。1

国家层面对车网互动寄予厚望。工业和信息化部等部门印发规划，提出到2030年车网互动聚合可调充电规模达5000万千瓦，相比2025年的1000万千瓦目标增长幅度达400%。1国家电网测算显示，到2030年若10%的新能源汽车参与车网互动，最大可提供8600万千瓦调节能力。1这将有助于将电动汽车从电网负荷转变为电网调节资源，为新型电力系统建设提供有力支撑。1

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) pilot programs are rolling out nationwide as China's electric vehicle fleet continues to grow 1. The technology enables electric vehicles to charge during off-peak hours and discharge power back to the grid during peak demand periods, allowing vehicle owners to profit from electricity price differentials 1.

China sold 10.65 million new energy vehicles in the first eight months of this year, bringing the total fleet size close to 50 million units 1. To support this expansion, the country had installed 23.683 million charging infrastructure units by the end of July, representing a 41.9% year-on-year increase 1. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and eight other government departments have outlined an ambitious roadmap, targeting an aggregated V2G charging capacity of 50 million kilowatts by 2030—a fourfold increase from the 10 million kilowatts goal set for 2025 1. This shift repositions electric vehicles from mere grid consumers into valuable grid regulation resources, supporting the development of a new-generation power system 1.

Economic incentives are making V2G increasingly attractive to vehicle owners. In Beijing's V2G demonstration station, off-peak charging rates are 0.3349 yuan per kilowatt-hour, while power sold back to the grid during peak periods generates returns of 0.7 to 1.3 yuan per kilowatt-hour, creating a price spread of 0.4 to 1 yuan per kilowatt-hour 1. A typical electric vehicle with a 70-kilowatt-hour battery and a driving range of approximately 600 kilometers consumes only 5 to 10 kilowatt-hours daily for regular commuting, potentially generating about 30 yuan in daily revenue 1.

Pilot results demonstrate the technology's viability. Hubei's V2G trial has recorded over 21,000 effective discharge transactions, discharging more than 376,000 kilowatt-hours of power 1. In Guangzhou, 76 vehicle-to-grid charging and battery-swapping stations with 492 charging facilities participated in an event on May 28, collectively discharging 15,000 kilowatt-hours of power 1. According to calculations by State Grid Corporation, if 10% of new energy vehicles participate in V2G programs by 2030, they could collectively provide up to 86 million kilowatts of grid regulation capacity 1.