伦敦国王学院与开普敦大学的联合研究表明，出生于贫血母亲的婴儿脑容量平均小4%1。研究人员对300多名母亲及其婴儿进行了跟踪调查，通过脑部扫描发现这种差异主要集中在苍白球、尾状核和胼胝体三个关键脑区1，这些区域与运动、学习和情绪调节密切相关。值得注意的是，参与研究的所有贫血母亲仅被诊断为轻度贫血1。
脑部差异在婴儿早期阶段呈现扩大趋势1。例如，胼胝体在婴儿12个月时比对照组小4%，到24个月时这一差距扩大至6%1。研究表明这些神经发育差异在儿童6岁上学时仍然存在1，可能导致更明显的认知困难1。
全球范围内，超过三分之一的孕妇患有贫血，主要由铁缺乏引起，撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚地区发病率最高1。研究团队建议在妊娠期进行贫血和铁缺乏筛查，并推荐使用口服或静脉铁补充进行干预1。该研究已发表在《脑通讯》期刊上，采用新型便携式低场MRI扫描仪进行检测，其灵敏度与传统高场MRI相当1。
A joint investigation by King's College London and the University of Cape Town has revealed a significant link between maternal anaemia and reduced brain development in newborns.1 Researchers tracking over 300 mothers and their infants discovered that babies born to anaemic mothers had brains averaging 4% smaller in total volume, despite all the anaemic mothers in the study having only mild anaemia diagnoses.1 The brain differences were particularly pronounced in three specific regions: the globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and corpus callosum.1
The neurological disparities identified at birth continued to expand during infancy and remained detectable as children approached school age.1 For instance, the corpus callosum measured 4% smaller at 12 months and 6% smaller by 24 months, with these differences persisting by age six when children typically begin formal education.1 Researchers suggested that such brain variations could lead to more pronounced cognitive difficulties once children enter school.1
The findings underscore a broader public health concern: more than one-third of pregnant women globally suffer from anaemia, primarily caused by iron deficiency, with the highest prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.1 Jessica Ringshaw, one of the researchers, advocated for anaemia and iron deficiency screening during pregnancy, recommending oral or intravenous iron supplementation as preventive measures.1 The study was published in the journal Brain Communications and employed a novel portable low-field MRI scanner that demonstrated comparable sensitivity to traditional high-field MRI technology.1
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