维也纳大学研究团队通过反向生态学方法发现，肠道细菌种群在人与人之间以及跨大洲的传播能力远超科学家此前的认知1。研究表明，单个细菌物种内存在多个进化独特的种群，各自适应肠道内的不同条件，其中某些竞争力强的种群可在数十年内跨越大陆传播1。
研究负责人Martin F. Polz指出："肠道细菌比之前认为的更具动态性，适应良好的菌株可以国际传播并占据新的生态位"1。
这项研究识别出与衰老、结肠直肠癌、炎症性肠病和2型糖尿病相关的细菌种群1。该发现发表在《自然》杂志2026年第655卷第8121期，有望为开发更精准的微生物组生物标志物和针对性治疗提供帮助1。
Researchers at the University of Vienna have discovered that bacterial populations in the human gut are far more transmissible between individuals and across continents than scientists previously understood.1 Using a reverse ecology approach, the team identified multiple evolutionarily distinct populations within single bacterial species, each adapted to different conditions within the gut environment.1 These populations have been associated with aging, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 2 diabetes.1
The study, published in Nature volume 655, issue 8121 in September 2026, reveals that competitively strong bacterial strains can spread across continents within decades.1 According to research lead Martin F. Polz, "gut bacteria exhibit greater dynamism than earlier theories suggested, with well-adapted bacterial strains capable of international transmission and colonization of new ecological niches."1 The findings may facilitate the development of more precise microbial biomarkers and targeted therapeutic interventions for gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders.1
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