美国经济学家Joshua S. Gans在国家经济研究局(NBER)发表的工作论文中指出，自动化技术对劳动力的影响存在新的维度1。研究表明，即使企业保留员工岗位，可信的机器替代品的出现也会显著削弱员工对自身贡献价值的认知，进而降低工作本身的意义1。这种价值损失可能通过薪酬上升或员工自身承担部分损失的方式得到补偿1。
甘斯在研究中指出了"意义外部性"现象，指的是机器替代品的公开演示会产生连锁效应1。具体来说，自动化在实际消除工作之前，就已经通过削弱工人对自己工作价值的认可而降低了工作的意义1。这项研究为NBER第35559号工作论文1，为理解自动化时代职场心理和经济关系提供了新的视角。
Economist Joshua S. Gans has released a working paper examining how automation affects the subjective meaning of work, uncovering a phenomenon that extends beyond simple job elimination.1 The research, published as NBER Working Paper 35559 in 2026, demonstrates that even when employers retain their workforce, the existence of credible machine alternatives can undermine employees' sense of their own contribution's value, thereby eroding the meaningfulness of their roles.1 This loss of purpose may subsequently trigger wage increases or require workers to bear part of the cost themselves.1
Gans introduces the concept of "meaning externality" to describe how the public demonstration of machine substitutes can devalue human labor before automation ever actually eliminates positions.1 The framework suggests that the mere visibility of replaceable alternatives carries real economic and psychological consequences for workers, fundamentally reshaping how they perceive their role and place within organizations.1
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