芬兰奥卢大学的研究分析了北芬兰出生队列1966中2264名46岁参与者的数据，揭示了咖啡消费与代谢指标之间的性别特异性关联[1]。研究发现，在体重指数相同的情况下，高咖啡消费者的总脂肪和内脏脂肪含量更低，骨骼肌质量更高[1]。
在性激素方面，男性中高咖啡消费与更有利的葡萄糖-胰岛素代谢相关，同时伴随总睾酮和生物可利用睾酮浓度升高[1]。相比之下，女性中激素关联较为有限，主要表现为性激素结合球蛋白升高和游离雄激素降低[1]。研究首席作者Luca Verroest指出，"咖啡的激素特征在考虑体重指数和生活方式因素后仍然存在，且男女性间存在差异"[1]。
研究表明激素通路可能部分解释咖啡消费与代谢健康的关系[1]。不过，作为一项观察性研究，该工作仅证明了相关性而非因果关系[1]。该研究发表于2026年7月16日的《欧洲营养学杂志》[1]。
Researchers at the University of Oulu in Finland have identified associations between coffee consumption and metabolic markers as well as sex hormone levels.[1] The analysis examined data from 2,264 participants aged 46 from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, revealing that high coffee consumers maintained lower total fat and visceral fat alongside greater skeletal muscle mass compared to those consuming less coffee, even when body mass index remained equivalent.[1] The study also detected differences in circulating metabolic markers and hormone levels that varied by sex.[1]
The research found sex-specific patterns in these associations.[1] Among men, higher coffee consumption correlated with more favorable glucose-insulin metabolism, as well as elevated total testosterone and bioavailable testosterone concentrations.[1] Women showed limited hormone associations, primarily characterized by increased sex hormone-binding globulin and decreased free androgens.[1] According to Luca Verroest, the study's lead author, "the hormonal signature of coffee persists even after accounting for body mass index and lifestyle factors, and differs between men and women."[1] The findings suggest that hormonal pathways may partially explain the relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic health, though the researchers emphasized that this observational study demonstrates correlation rather than causation.[1] The results were published on July 16, 2026, in the European Journal of Nutrition.[1]